Chapter 2: Transplantations and Borderlands Introduction

o Plymouth made unsuccessful attempt to establish colony (coast of Maine)o London Company

Moved quickly and decisively Launched expedition to Virginia

144 men aboard 3 shipsI. The Early Chesapeake

A. The Founding of Jamestown1. The Journey

a) Only 104 survive, 1607 on a peninsula in Chesapeakeb) Bad spot, hard to cultivate, humid/hot summersc) Lay between powerful Indian tribes

2. Early Settlementa) Settlers suffered from disease (Malaria) cuz no immunityb) Colonists spent time for goldc) Priorities weren’t setd) Absence of women meant no household e) Starvation spread -> 104 to 38, almost extinction

3. Captain John Smitha) Organized raids to steal from Indianb) Colony showed promise of Survival

B. Reorganization1. London/Virginia Company

a) Gained more power(1) Sold stocks, offered shares to settlers and offered free passage in exchange for service

b) Jamestown was thought to grow2. Starvation

a) Indians killed livestocks and barricaded colonistsb) Colonist ate what they couldc) 500 to 60 people

3. New Leadershipa) De La Warr had harsh discipline but failedb) Somehow survived

C. Tobacco1. Tobacco Economy

a) John Rofle from Jamestown produced tobaccob) Farmers began to build plantations deep into the natives land

D. Expansion1. The Headright system – system created by Virginia Company

a) 50 acre lands given to new settler, 100 to oldb) encouraged families to come and some combined to create plantations

c) also imported skilled craftmen and womend) start to build gov.

2. First African Americansa) Thought servants, not slavesb) But later, white servants became more expensive causing the use of more blacks

3. Suppression of Indiansa) Sir Thomas Dale kidnaps Pocahontas -> becomes Christian/Marries John Rofle, goes to Eurob) Attack from Natives ceased till leader dies, Tribe attacks backc) Virginia Company bankrupts, England takes their land

E. Exchanges of Agricultural Technology1. Agriculture was very important in Jamestown

a) Borrowed ideas from natives(1) Natives built successful farms in climate(2) Natives cleared fields, English realized value of corn

F. Maryland and the Calverts1. Development of Maryland

a) Established because as a venture in real estate and retreat from England

(1) George Calvert is the establisher and son Cecilius takes over

b) Cecilius gets Pen, De, and Vir. And absoulute rule over them

(1) Indians befriended them2. Free Relgion

a) Calverts want more immigration of Protestants/English Catholics

(1) Made religious tolerance because Eng Cath would be minority but had fights (2) Later adopted headright system

G. Turbulent Virginia1. Sir William Berkeley

a) Governor by Charles 1 sent to Virginia 1642(1) Sent explorers and stopped uprising and gained land in exchange of cease (2) Increase in population caused them to get more land

2. An Autocratic Rulera) Made the system so he could win all the time

H. Bacon’s Rebellion1. Establishment of Backcountry

a) Bacon becomes representativeb) Not allowed to be part of many things

(1) Fur trade, inner council2. Indian Attack

a) Doeg tribe kills whites/ Bacon take control of Virginab) Later dies and Berkley is put back to powerc) One of Biggest Rebillons yet

3. Significance of the Rebelliona) Part of continuing struggle to define boundary: Indian/Whiteb) Virginia doesn't follow through with agreements to Nativesc) Competioin East and Westd) Landless Men

(1) Large chunk of population, eager for landII. The Growth of New England

A. Introduction1. Separatists imprisoned/executed in England2. Leave England for religious freedom

B. Plymouth Plantation1. Start of Separatists

a) Moved to Holland but bad job/pay, set eyes on America

b) Obtained permission from Virginia Company2. Creation of Mayflower Compact

a) Landed of Plymouth (not allowed)b) Decide to settle by establishing civil gov

3. Plymoutha) Hard winter, loses populationb) Had flow of items/ideas

(1) Brought smallpox and livestock(2) Introduced new foods and exported native food out

4. Indian Relationsa) Forced to get along with Euros and helped each other

(1) Squanto/Samoset showed agricultureb) William Bradford is elected governor

(1) Permission as colony from council(2) Ended labor/ paid off debt

C. The Puritan Experiment1. Puritan targeted

a) James1 created tension between themb) Charles1 puts policies and imprisons many

2. Set eyes on Americaa) They get Mass., and create Mass. Bay Company

(1) Decide to emigrate themselves after trying to make profit

b) Selects John Winthrop to command expedition

(1) Carried 1000 people3. Creates many settlements

a) Port in Boston becomes capital and build town(1) Spreads from here for more towns

4. Puritan Religiona) No intention to leave Church of England

(1) Had many religions(2) Created Congregational Church- own church(3) Religious freedom

5. Theocratic Societya) Church and gov work togetherb) Tax supports church/gov

D. Expansion of New England1. New people to New England

a) For religious practicesb) Roger Williams creates gov in Rhode Island separating from Church of England and religious freedom

2. Anne Hutchinsona) Pointed out that clergy had no right to spiritual officeb) Changed women rolesc) Later banished because “not fit as woman