chapter 2
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 2. Computer Hardware. Chapter Contents. Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security. Personal Computer Basics. Personal Computer Systems - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Chapter 2Chapter 2
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 2
2 Chapter Contents
Section A: Personal Computer Basics Section B: Microprocessors and Memory Section C: Storage Devices Section D: Input and Output Devices Section E: Hardware Security
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3
2SECTION A
Personal Computer BasicsPersonal Computer Basics
Personal Computer Systems Desktop and Portable Computers Home, Media, Game, and Small Business
Systems Buying Computer System Components
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4
2 Personal Computer Systems
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5
2 Desktop and Portable Computers
The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit
A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6
2 Desktop and Portable Computers
A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer
A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard
A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad
An ultra-mobile PC (UMPC) is a small form factor tablet computer designed to run most of the software available for larger portable computers
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7
2 Desktop and Portable Computers
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 8
2 Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems
A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super-charged support for most computer applications
A Media Center PC officially uses Windows Media Center Edition operating system
Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming
Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9
2 Buying Computer System Components
Decide how your computer will be used, and how much you want to spend
Decide on a platform (Mac, PC, Linux) Look at ads in computer magazines and at
computer/electronic stores Understand the computer jargon Expect to pay anywhere from a few hundred
to several thousand dollars
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 10
2 Buying Computer System Components
Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 11
2SECTION B
Microprocessors and MemoryMicroprocessors and Memory Microprocessor Basics Today’s Microprocessors Random Access Memory Read-only Memory EEPROM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 12
2 Microprocessor Basics
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions– ALU– Registers– Control unit– Instruction set
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 13
2 Microprocessor Basics Front side bus
– HyperTransport Microprocessor clock
– Megahertz– Gigahertz
Word size Cache
– Level 1 cache (L1)– Level 2 cache (L2)
CISC vs. RISC technology
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 14
2 Microprocessor Basics
Serial processing– Pipelining
Parallel processing Dual core processor Hyper-Threading Technology
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 15
2 Today’s Microprocessors
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 16
2 Random Access Memory
Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 17
2 Random Access Memory
Microscopic capacitors hold the bits that represent data
Most RAM is volatile– Requires electrical power to hold data
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 18
2 Random Access Memory
RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes
Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 2GB of RAM
An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 19
2 Random Access Memory
RAM speed is often expressed in nanoseconds or megahertz
SDRAM is fast and relatively inexpensive– DDR
RDRAM is more expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 20
2 Read-Only Memory
ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer’s startup routine– Permanent and non-volatile
The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 21
2 EEPROM Electrically Erasable
Programmable Read-Only Memory
More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM
Requires no power to hold data
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 22
2SECTION C
Storage DevicesStorage Devices Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 23
2 Storage Basics
A storage medium contains data A storage device records and retrieves data
from a storage medium– Data gets copied from a storage device into
RAM, where it waits to be processed– Processed data is held temporarily in RAM
before it is copied to a storage medium
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 24
2 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 25
2 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
Hard disk platters and read-write heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 26
2
A controller positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data– SATA– Ultra ATA– EIDE– SCSI
Not as durable as many other storage technologies– Head crash
Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 27
2 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology
A floppy disk is a round piece of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a protective casing
A tape drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a long stream of recordable media similar to the tapes used in audio cassettes
A tape is a sequential storage medium
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 28
2 CD and DVD Technology
Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface– CD and DVD storage technologies
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 29
2 CD and DVD Technology
Today’s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate of 177.28 Mbps
Three categories of optical technologies– Read-only (ROM)– Recordable (R)– Rewritable (RW)
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 30
2 CD and DVD Technology CD-DA DVD-Video CD-ROM DVD-ROM CD-R DVD+R or DVD-R CD-RW DVD+RW or DVD-RW
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 31
2 CD and DVD Technology
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 32
2 Solid State Storage
Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable, rewritable circuitry
Non-volatile Card reader may be required
to read data on solid state storage
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 33
2 Solid State Storage A USB flash drive is a
portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer’s USB port using a built-in connector
A U3 drive is a special type of USB flash drive that is preconfigured to autoplay when it is inserted into a computer
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 34
2 Storage Wrap-up
Most desktop computers haveseveral drive bays, someaccessible from outside thecase, and others—designed forhard disk drives—without anyexternal access. Empty drivebays are typically hidden fromview with a face plate.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 35
2 Storage Wrap-up
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 36
2SECTION D
Input and Output DevicesInput and Output Devices Basic Input Devices Display Devices Printers Installing Peripheral Devices
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 37
2 Basic Input Devices
Keyboard Pointing device
– Pointing stick– Trackpad– Trackball– Joystick
Touch screen
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 38
2 Display Devices A CRT display device
uses a bulky glass tube An LCD manipulates
light within a layer of liquid crystal cells
Plasma screen technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 39
2 Display Devices
Viewable image size Dot pitch Viewing angle width Refresh rate Color depth Resolution
– VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 40
2 Display Devices
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 41
2 Display Devices
Graphics circuitry generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen– Integrated graphics– Graphics card– Graphics processing
unit (GPU)
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 42
2 Printers
An ink-jet printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper
A laser printer works like a photocopier
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 43
2 Printers
Laser printers are a populartechnology when high-volumeoutput or good-quality printoutsare required.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 44
2 Printers
Dot matrix printers produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires– The wires strike a ribbon and the paper
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 45
2 Printers Printer features
– Resolution– Print speed– Duty cycle– Operating costs
– Duplex capability– Memory– Networkability
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 46
2 Installing Peripheral Devices The data bus moves data within the computer Expansion cards are small circuit boards that
give the computer additional capabilities– Expansion slot
• ISA• PCI• AGP
– PCMCIA slot• PC card
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 47
2 Installing Peripheral Devices
An expansion card simply slidesinto an expansion slot and is secured with a small screw. Before you open the case, make sure you unplug the computer and groundyourself—that’s technical jargonfor releasing static electricity byusing a special grounding wristbandor by touching both hands to a metal object.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 48
2 Installing Peripheral Devices An expansion port
passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device
Peripheral device may include the Plug and Play feature, or require a device driver
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 49
2 Installing Peripheral Devices
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 50
2SECTION E
Hardware SecurityHardware Security Anti-theft Devices Surge Protection and Battery Backup Basic Maintenance Troubleshooting and Repair
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 51
2 Anti-Theft Devices
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 52
2 Surge Protection and Battery Backup
A power surge is a sudden increase or spike in electrical energy, affecting the current that flows to electrical outlets
A surge strip is a device that contains electrical outlets protected by circuitry that blocks surges and spikes
A UPS is a device that not only provides surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 53
2 Surge Protection and Battery Backup
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 54
2 Basic Maintenance
Computer component failures can be caused by manufacturing defects and other circumstances beyond your control
Keep the keyboard clean Clean your computer screen on a regular
basis Keep the area clean around your computer Make sure fans are free of dust
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 55
2 Basic Maintenance
Carefully use a Q-tip and a canof compressed air or a vacuumcleaner to remove dust anddebris from your keyboard.
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 56
2 Troubleshooting and Repair
There are several telltale signs that your computer is in trouble– Failure to power up– Loud beep– Blue screen of death
Help and Support Center Safe Mode
Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 57
2 Troubleshooting and Repair
Chapter 2 CompleteChapter 2 Complete
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware