Chapter 2 – Culturally Effective Helping

1

4 ATTRIBUTES FOR CRISIS WORKERS

• Self knowledge and awareness of biases• Knowledge about the status and cultures of

different groups• Culturally appropriate skills and interventions• Multicultural experience

2

NON-WESTERN PERSPECTIVE

• Majority of the world population• Historical field of counseling (western)• May impact our interpretations, judgments

and conclusions• Can cause harm

3

10 BIASED ASSUMPTIONS

1. “Normal” is the same for everyone.2. Individualism is basic for all.3. “Counseling” is well defined and

separate.4. Abstract words are understood 5. Independence is valued more than

dependence

4

10 BIASED ASSUMPTIONS (CONT.)

6. Formal counseling is valued over natural support systems

7. Everyone depends on linear thinking (cause and effect), good/bad, right/wrong

8. Change individual to fit the system9. Crisis is here and now (downplaying value of the past)10.Counselors are aware of assumptions

5

FOCUSED VIEW

• Visible and racial ethnic minorities• “may be asking for trouble”

6

UNIVERSAL VIEW

• Not only racial and ethnic minorities• Also other minority or special populations• All factors that make clients ‘different’• “Cultural Influences”• Multiculturalism does not always ‘stand out’

7

WHAT WE ‘DO’ KNOW

• Beliefs and ways of coping surface when in crisis

• Minorities access counseling less than Caucasians when in crisis (although impacted with disaster more often)

8

COUNSELOR DANGEROUS ASSUMPTIONS BASED ON 5 CORE BELIEF DOMAINS (THEY DON'T UNDERSTAND)

• Superiority• Injustice• Vulnerability• Distrust• Helplessness

9

DEEPLY ENTRENCHED PATTERNS

• Impact emotions and behaviors• Can lead to conflicts and crisis

10

PAST HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE

• Can impact client view of crisis intervention services

11

EFFECTIVE MULTICULTURAL COUNSELOR

• “Humans are more alike than different”• World view should not be overlooked• Other helping roles may be needed• Indigenous support system may be needed• Proper use of translators

12

INEFFECTIVE MULTICULTURAL COUNSELOR

• Imposes own values and expectations• Stereotype or labeling• Force unimodal counseling approaches

• Ex: • verbalizing feelings, • speaking up, • status related flow of communication

13

IMPORTANT TERMS

• Individualism• Collectivism• High Context• Low Context

14

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS

• Family• Race• Religion• Locale• Physical ability• Sex/gender• Economic class• Vocation• Physical needs• Social affiliations• Etc.

•Impacts the counselor

•Impacts the client

15

LOCUS OF CONTROL

• Internal• External

• Powerful Others• Especially in Crisis

16

OTHER ISSUES

• Turf• Generational differences• Confidentiality/green cards• Loss of face• Too much help• Occupational cultures• Seeking community representatives

17

YAVIS

• Young• Attractive• Verbal• Intelligent• Socially well-connected

18