chapter 2 first civilizations: africa & asia 3200 b.c.-500 b.c. section 1: ancient kingdoms of...
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Chapter 2 First Civilizations: Africa & Asia
3200 B.C.-500 B.C.
Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Summary:Historians split ancient Egyptian history into 3 periods
1.) The Old Kingdom
2.) The______Kingdom
3.) The New Kingdom
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
One of the earliest civilizations arose in Egypt about 5,000 years ago
Since most of Egypt is desert, people settled along the _______River
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The fertile soil of the Nile Valley produced good crops
Yearly floods soaked the land and deposited rich soil (________)
The river also served as a highway for travel by boat
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Egyptian ruler was called a ___________
After the death of a ____________, power usually passed to another member of his family
These ruling families were called ____________
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The 3 periods of Egyptian history are the:
1.) Old Kingdom (2700 B.C.-2200 B.C.)
2.) Middle Kingdom (2050 B.C.-1800 B.C.)
3.) New Kingdom (1550 B.C.-1100 B.C.)
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
During the Old Kingdom, the Pharaohs created a strong government
They also built giant ___________________ are massive burial tombs that took many years and millions of stone blocks to build
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The Middle Kingdom was a troubled period
The Nile did not ________ regularly, so in many years crops did not grow
Although, Egypt conquered many lands, rebellion was common
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Then invaders called the __________, defeated the Pharaoh’s army and gained control of Egypt
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
The New Kingdom began over a hundred years later when the Egyptians drove out the Hyksos
Powerful Pharaoh’s created a large empire that reached the ________________ river
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Egypt traded with Asia and AfricaTrade and warfare spread Egyptian culture to other countries
In return, those places gave Egyptians new ideas
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Old Kingdom (2700 B.C.-2200 B.C.)
Pharaoh’s organize strong government ق
Egyptians believe Pharaoh is a god أل
Old Kingdom is known as Pyramid Age ي
Egyptians build giant pyramids at غ_______
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
Middle Kingdom (2050 B.C.-1800 B.C.)
Egyptians suffer food shortages ق
People rebel أل
Hyksos conquer Egypt ي
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Section 1: Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile
New Kingdom (1550 B.C.-1100 B.C.)
Powerful Pharaoh’s build large empire ق
Hatshepsut becomes________ ألPharaoh;
Encourages trade
Ramese II conquers Palestine & Syria ي
Egyptian power begins to decline غ
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Summary: Ancient Egypt was an advanced society where people were divided into classes
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Religion was an important part of everyday life in Egypt
Egyptians believed and many gods and goddesses (____________)
They also believed in life after death
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
They prepared their dead for the afterlife through a preservation process called _______________
The mummies of some Pharaoh’s were buried in pyramids
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian society had its own class system
Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh was both _______and a king
He had the highest position in society
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Next where the priests, who served the gods and the goddesses
Near the bottom was the biggest group, the peasant farmers
Beneath the peasants were the slaves
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Women in ancient Egyptian society had more freedom than in any other ancient civilization
For example, at different times Egypt was ruled by women:
1.) Hatshepsut
2.) Cleopatra
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
The Egyptians made many advances in learning and art
In medicine, they learned to cure many illnesses and to perform surgery
Egyptians developed a calendar very similar to the one we use today
They also created picture writing called ______________
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian temples and monuments have survived thousands of years
Egyptian statues and paintings show daily life, ceremonies, and military victories
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Section 2: Egyptian Civilization
Pharaoh
Priests & Priestesses
Nobles
Craftspeople & Merchants
Peasant Farmers
Slaves
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Summary:The fertile land between the _________ and Euphrates Rivers supported the development of Sumerian civilization
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Geography helps explain the rise of civilization in the Middle East
Like the _____River in Egypt, the _______and________Rivers made the land around them fertile
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Tigris
&
Euphrates
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
This region was called the ______________because of the good farmland curved in the shape of a crescent
The land between the rivers was called _____________
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
By 5,000 years ago, villages along the Tigris and Euphrates had grown into busy cities
These ___________made up the civilization of Sumer
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Different ___________ fought each other for land and water
During the fighting, people turned to powerful war leaders to protect them
Over time, leadership passed down within the war leaders families, and social classes developed
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Like Egyptians, the Sumerians made important contributions to the world
They built the first ________ vehicles
Systems of ditches and canals provided flood protection and water for crops
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
The Sumerians were the first people to write
They used wedge-shaped writing called ___________ to record information as early as 3200 B.C.
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Sumerians developed algebra and __________
By studying the sun and the moon, the Sumerians invented an accurate __________
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Section 3: City-States of Ancient Sumer
Later on, invaders conquered the Sumerians
The conquerors adopted many of the Sumerian ideas and passed them on to later civilizations
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Summary:Strong rulers united the lands of the _____________into well-organized empires
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Many groups invaded and conquered the civilizations of the _______________
Some invaders destroyed the ____________
Others stayed to rule
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Some of these rulers created large, well-organized ___________
_______________are a group of territories under the control of one ruler or government
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
One powerful ruler was ________ ____________ ___ ___________
Around 1790 B.C., ____________ put together a set of laws, called the _______________
The _________________was the first major collection of laws in history
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Another important ruler was
__________ of __________
In 522 B.C., _________controlled an empire that stretched from ________to _________
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Empire of Darius of Persia
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Darius divided his empire into ________, or locally controlled regions
Later rulers used his ideas about government
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Different groups of people met in the crossroads of the Fertile Crescent
Many groups made advances in technology and ideas
For example, ___________developed the first real ___________to record their trades
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Through warfare and trade, ideas and technology spread
As time passed, the contributions of people who lived in the Fertile Crescent reached all the way to India and Europe
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Section 4: Invaders, traders, & Empire Builders
Civilization: Dates: Achievements:
Babylonians 1790 B.C. Code of Hammurabi
Hittites 1400 B.C. Forged iron tools and weapons
Assyrians 1100 B.C. First libraries
Persians 539 B.C. -Conquered large empire
-Improved trade by using coins & standard measures
Phoenicians 600 B.C. Created first alphabet
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
Summary:The Jewish religion was unique in the ancient world because it was ______________(belief in 1 God)
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
The ___________were one of the groups that lived in the ______________
The ______recorded their history in a sacred book called the _______
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
According to the Torah, God made a covenant, or binding agreement, with Abraham to be the God of the Hebrews
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
Later the Egyptian Pharaoh made slaves of the Hebrews
Moses helped the Hebrews escapeFor forty years they wandered in the desert
– Finally they set up the kingdom of Israel, with Jerusalem as its capital
– The Hebrews believed that God had promised them this land
– Later the kingdom split apart, and both sections were conquered
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
In time, Hebrew beliefs evolved into the religion we know today as ___________
__________ was different from the other ancient religions
Other religions believed in many gods
___________ was_____________, teaching a belief in one God
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
The ___________ also believed that God had chosen them as His people
The laws of Judaism are called the_____________________
They describe how people should behave toward God and toward each other
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
Often in Jewish history, there were ___________, or spiritual leaders, who explained God’s will
The ___________ taught about moral standards and justice
For example, powerful people should protect the weak
___________ also taught that all people were equal before God
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Section 5: The Roots of Judaism
Prophets
Torah
10Commandments
ChosenPeople
Covenant
1 God
Judaism