chapter 2 form 1

7/29/2019 chapter 2 form 1

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Organisms that are made up of only one cell

Unicellular organisms in the animal kingdom are

amoeba and paramecium Unicellular organisms in the plant kingdom are

pleurococcus, euglena, chlamydomonas and yeast


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Organisms which have more than one cell.

Multicellular organisms in the animal kingdom are

mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and hydra Multicellular organisms in the plant kingdom are mosses,

algae and ferns.


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Human beings are complex living things becausethe human body is made up of 50-60 trillion cells.Human cells are specialized. They perform certain

specific functions. There is also division of labour.

Each cell, tissue, organ and system has its own

functions. Human beings have the most developedbrain. As a result, they think and solve problems,

decide between right and wrong, invent new things

and adapt themselves to their surroundings.


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*Cells of the same type joined together are calledtissues.

*Different tissues are joined together to form

organs.*Various organs are arranged into an organ system.


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A group of cells of the same shape and structure and

performing one particular function is called tissue.

Tissues contain cells which have experienced

growth, adaption and changes in their features inorder to be able to perform a particular function.


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There are four major types of tissues in the humanbody namely epithelium tissue, connective tissue,

muscle tissue and nerve tissue.

Type of tissue Structure Functions Examples

Epithelium tissue It is made up ofepithelial cellswhich are arragedclosely and inlayers.

Protects thetissues beneath it.

Endothelium(cavities lining) andepithelium(external surfacelining)

Connective tissues It consist oftransparent,

semifluidsubstances thatcontains manyelastic and nonelastic fibres.

Connect one tissueto another tissue.

Supports organs inthe body.

Fat tissues, bones,cartilage, blood

tissues.


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Type of tissue Structure Functions Examples

Muscle tissue It consists ofelongated cellsthat has theability to relax and

contract

Enables themovement ofbody parts

Smooth muscle,cardiac(heart)muscle, skeletalmuscles

Nerve tissue It is formed frombasic units calledneurone cell

Carries nerveimpulses(message) from one part ofbody to another.

Enables body torespond to stimuli

Nerve fibres in thebrain and thesprain cord.


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A group of different tissues which work together to carry out

a particular life process is called an organ. For example,

skin is an organ formed of epithelium tissues, connective

tissues, muscle tissues and nerve tissues. Examples of other

human organs are stomach, lungs, heart, kidney and brain.


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Ear:Detects sound stimulus Liver:Breaks down excessive

proteins Kidney:Excretes waste products

Small Intestine:Digested foodsubstances

Large Intestine:Absorb water

Brain:Controls various activitiesof the body

Nose:Detect smell stimuli Lungs:Carried out gas exchange


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Heart: Pumps blood to other parts of the body.

Stomach: Digest food substancesOvary: Produce ovum in women

Testes: Produces sperm cells in men


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A group of organ that co-operate to perform a

certain function of life process is known as a

system.

A body system as a whole enables humans to

carry out life process normally and more

efficiently.

There are ten main system in the human body.


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Breaks down complex food

into simple substances for easy

absorption by body cells.

Ways to look after:

*Consume easily digestive

food*Drinks a lot of water and

avoid alcohol

*Eat at regular hours


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Transport oxygen anddigested food to the body

Ways to look after:

~Exercise regularly

~Avoid food rich incholesterol

~Consume food rich with

iron(ferrum)


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Inhale oxygen into the

body and exhale

carbon dioxide out of

the body.

Ways of looking after:

~Stay away fromsmoking

~Breathe in fresh air


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Provide supports andprotection to softinternal organs

Ways to look after:

*Adopt correct bodyposture.*Consume food rich incalcium, phosphorus

and vitamin D.


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Helps in movement

of body parts

Ways to look after:

+Exercise regularly

+Do not lift heavyobjects

+Adopt correct

body posture


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Reproductive System Produce offspring to

continue the generation

Ways to look after:

*Do not be sexually

Promiscuous

*Always take care of

personal hygiene


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Excretory system

Dispose waste

from the body

Ways to lookafter:

Drink a lot of

water

Reduce intake

of salty food


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Nervous System

o

o


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All system in the body works together to produce a life process that

produce an independent organism.

Cells organisms allows different types of work in body to work more

smoothly and efficiently


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Human considered to be acomplex organism because they

have various type of cellsorganized to form tissues,organs and systems.


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chapter 2 form 1

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