Chapter 2

Information Technology

Concepts & Issues

Agenda

• Concepts

• Issues

• Chief information officer

Concepts

• Data

• Database

• Application program

• Information

• Knowledge

• Knowledge workers

• Data workers

• Legacy system

Concepts

• Classifications

• Infrastructure & architecture

Classifications

• By organizational structure

• By functional area

• By support provided

• By activity supported

• By system architecture

By Organization Structure

• Department information systems– LAN

• Enterprise information systems– Intranet

• Interorganizational systems– Extranet

By Functional Area

• Accounting information system

• Finance information system

• Manufacturing information system

• Marketing information system

• Human resources management information system

By Support Provided

• Transaction processing system (TPS)• Management information system (MIS)• Office automation system (OAS)• Decision support system (DSS)

– Executive information or support system (EIS)– Group support system (GSS)

• Intelligent support system– Expert system (ES)– Artificial neural network (ANN)

• E-Commerce

E-Commerce

• Electronic store front

• Electronic advertisement media

• Electronic catalog

• Electronic bulletin board

• Electronic information source

• Electronic transaction method

• Electronic entertainment center

By Activity Supported

• Operational systems– Routine operations– TPS, MIS, & simple DDS

• Managerial systems or tactical systems– Routine decisions– Short-term planning, organizing, & control– MIS for summaries, exception reports, periodic

and ad hoc reports, comparative analysis, projections, connection

By Activity Supported

• Strategic Systems– Long-range planning– Strategic response systems– Innovative strategic systems

By System Architecture

• Mainframe-based

• Standalone personal computer

• Distributed or networked computing

Information Infrastructure

• Physical facilities, services, & management to support information needs in an organization

• Components– Hardware– Software– Network– Database– Procedure– People

Information Architecture

• High-level map or plan of the information requirements in an organization

• Types– Mainframe– PC– Distributed– Client/server

Agenda

• Concepts

• Issues

• Chief information officer

Issues

• End-user

• IT dept

• Company

• Society

End-user Issues

• Computer literacy– What is it?– Costs– How to deliver?– Changing content

End-user Issues

• User development– How much?– Power/control/misuse

• Work environment– Ergonomics

• Humanization– Human factor

IT Department Issues

• Centralized or decentralized

• Interconnectivity

• Alignment of IT dept. goals with organization

• IT organization level

• Exponential growth of technology

IT Department Issues

• IT leveraging

• Technology scouting– Technology transfer– Scouting technology future– Predicting trends– Mapping technology to organization– Demonstrating how it could be used– Implementing sold technology

Company IT Issues

• Strategic role of IT– Top-down planning

• Computer crime/ security

• Reengineering with IT

• Business value of IT– Productivity

• Change management

• Flexibility for future

Societal Issues

• Ethic

• Privacy

• Unemployment/displacement

Agenda

• Concepts

• Issues

• Chief information officer

Chief Information Officer

• VP for IT services

• Understands business & technology

• Looks to future– Technology transfer

• Creates & sells IT vision

• Implements IT infrastructure

Points to Remember

• Concepts

• Issues

• Chief information officer

Discussion Questions

• What are the different types of IS in your organization?

• Do you think that your organization need extra IS? Name it.

• What are the responsibilities of the chief information officer in your organization if you have one?

Assignment

• Review technology guides 1-2, chapters 1- 2

• Read chapter 3

• Group assignment

• Research paper