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Matter Matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in constant motion

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Kinetic Theory of Matter

Describes how the individual particles in

matter move

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Solids Solids have very little particle movement

(simple vibration back and forth).

Can NOT flow

Solids are also hard to compress.

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Copper Phases - Solid

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Liquids

Liquids have moderate particle motion.

The particles of a liquid can easily slide past one another (FLOW)

Liquids are hard to compress because their particles are close together.

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Copper Phases - Liquid

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Gases Gases particles are in constant, fast,

random motion.

Gas particles are very far away from each other.

Gases can be compressed.

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Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

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States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Definite Volume?

YES

YES

NO

Definite Shape?

YES

NO

NO

Will it Compress?

Small Expansion

Small Expansion

Large Expansion

NO

NO

YES

Result of a Temperature

Increase?

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Physical vs. Chemical Change

Physical change will change the visible appearance, without changing the composition of the material. – Boil, melt, cut, bend, split, crack

– Can be reversible, or irreversible

– All changes in state of matter are physical changes

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Phase Changes Melting- Solid Liquid

Freezing- Liquid Solid

Evaporation

Vaporization Liquid Gas

Boiling

Condensation- Gas Liquid

Sublimation- Solid Gas

Deposition- Gas Solid

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Solid Liquid Gas

Melt Evaporate

Condense Freeze

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Physical vs. Chemical Change

Chemical change - a change where a new form of matter is formed. – Also called a chemical reaction

– Terms that indicate chemical change include: »Rust, burn, decompose, ferment,

explode, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, rot

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Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.

Heat and light are often evidence of a chemical change.