chapter 2 notes properties of matter 2.2 lbs = 1 kg 1 kg = 9.8 n
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2 Notes
Properties of Matter
2.2 lbs = 1 kg
1 kg = 9.8 N
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Density Video (buoyancy)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDl7jpq6Sek&p=5CC7DFCA0FBD2D4B&playnext=1&index=12
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I. General Properties of Matter
*Matter:
anything that has mass and volume
-General properties of matter include mass, weight, volume, and density.
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A. Mass
*amount of matter in an object(constant)
*measure of the inertia of an object.
*Inertia:
resistance to change in motion.
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B. Weight
*response of mass to the pull of gravity(not constant)
*Gravity: force of attraction between objects.
-Metric unit of weight is the Newton(N).Ex:
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C. Volume
*amount of space an object takes up.
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D. Density
-Ex: p48
-Density of water is 1g/ml.
*Specific gravity: ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water.
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II. Phases of Matter
*Physical properties: can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Ex’s:
-Four phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
p70-73http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
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A. Solid
-definite shape and definite volume.
*Crystal: particles arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.
*Crystalline solids: made up of crystals.
*Amorphous solids: lose their shape under certain conditions.
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B. Liquids
-take the shape of their container.
-No definite shape, but definite volume.http://www.pixable.com/article/water-balloons-bursting-in-slow-motion-video/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPfG4OdGEyI
*Viscosity:
resistance of liquid to flow.
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C. Gases
pp88
-no definite shape, or definite volume.
*Boyle’s Law: vol decreases, pressure increases.
-P1 V1 = P2 V2
-varies inversely-graph ex: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/aboyle.html
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*Charles’s Law: temp increases, vol increases.
- T1 V2 = T2 V1
-varies directly-graph ex:
http://physics.gac.edu/~mellema/Aapt2001/Charles'%20Law.htm
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Boyle’s and Charles Law: Examples
• http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/BoylesLaw/BoyleIndex.htm
• http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/webFunChem/CharlesLaw/CharlesIndex.htm
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D. Plasma
-Stars have matter in the plasma phase.
-very high in energy.
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III. Phase Change
-Phase change by adding or taking away nrg.
-Phase changes in matter:1. melting 2. freezing 3. vaporization4. condensation5. Sublimation6. Deposition
*Physical Change: change in phaseex: pp74-77
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A. solid - liquid
*Melting:
*Melting point:
*Freezing:
*Freezing point:
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B. liquid - gas
*Vaporization: liquid to a gas
*Evaporation:*Boiling:
*Boiling Point:*Condensation:
gas to liquids
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C. solid - gas
*Sublimation:
solid to gas
ex: dry ice
*Deposition:
gas to solid
ex: frost
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D. heat, temp, and phase chng
-Phase changes are accompanied by increases in heat nrg but not by increases in temp.
- Figure 13 p77
http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Gas.html
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IV. Chemical Properties and Changes
*Chemical properties: substance changes into other new substances.
1. Flammability
2. Ability to support burning
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-Chem property describes a substance’s ability to change into a diff subst.
-Chem chng :
process by which the substance chngs.
*Chem Rxn: chem. Chng
-produces new subst with new and diff phys and chem. properties.