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Chapter 2: Origins of American Government
Section 1
Chapter 2: Origins of American Government
Section 1
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ObjectivesObjectives
1. Identify the three concepts of
government that influenced the American
colonies.
2. Explain the influence of three landmark
English documents.
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English documents.
3. Describe the three types of colonies that
the English established in the American
colonies.
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Key TermsKey Terms
• limited government: the idea that government
is restricted in what it may do and that every
individual has certain rights that government
cannot remove
• representative government: the idea that
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• representative government: the idea that
government should both serve and be guided by
the will of the people
• Magna Carta: the Great Charter signed in 1215
that limited the powers of the English king and
guaranteed certain fundamental rights
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Key Terms, cont.Key Terms, cont.
• due process: protection against the unjust
taking of life, liberty, or property
• Petition of Right: a document signed in 1628
that required the English king to obey the law of
the land and increased the influence of
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the land and increased the influence of
Parliament
• English Bill of Rights: a document signed in
1689 that required free elections and
guaranteed many basic rights, such as due
process and trial by jury, to all English citizens
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Key Terms, cont.Key Terms, cont.
• charter: a written grant of authority from the king
• bicameral: having two houses, as in a two-house legislature
• proprietary: the name given to colonies
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• proprietary: the name given to colonies organized and governed according to the will of a proprietor, a person granted land and authority by the king
• unicameral: having only one house, as in a one house legislature
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IntroductionIntroduction
• What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies?
– English customs and ideas about government, including:• The idea of ordered government
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• The principle of limited government
• The principle of representative government
– English historical documents, including:• The Magna Carta
• The Petition of Right
• The English Bill of Rights
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Concepts of GovernmentConcepts of Government
• The English colonists brought with them political ideas that had developed over centuries in England.
– Some ideas, such as the rule of law, had roots in early Asian and African civilizations.
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early Asian and African civilizations.
– Other influences came from the ancient Romans, who occupied England.
– Many key political ideas were written into landmark English documents.
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Key Political ConceptsKey Political Concepts
• Ordered government– Local governments should be divided into units and ruled by officers according to law.
• Limited government– Individual citizens have basic rights
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– Individual citizens have basic rights
– There are limits on government power
• Representative government– Government should serve the will of the people. In other words, people should have a say in what the government does or does not do.
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The Magna CartaThe Magna Carta
• Signed by King John in 1215
• Created by English barons to put limits on the once absolute power of the King.
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the King.
– Guaranteed certain fundamental rights for the privileged, such as trial by jury and due process of law. Over time, these rights were extended to all English people.
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The Petition of RightThe Petition of Right
• The Petition of Right was signed by King Charles I in 1628.
– Banned the king from imprisoning or punishing people without first
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people without first following the laws of the land.
– Kept the king from declaring military rule in times of peace or making people house soldiers.
– Required the consent of Parliament for taxation.
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The English Bill of RightsThe English Bill of Rights
• Checkpoint: What were the limitations
set by the English Bill of Rights?
– The English Bill of Rights was drawn up by
Parliament in 1689 to prevent the abuse of
power by all future monarchs.
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power by all future monarchs.
• Required the consent of Parliament for
taxation and suspension of laws.
• Promised the right to a fair trial, and to petition
the monarchy to correct injustices.
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American RightsAmerican Rights
• This chart compares
the rights guaranteed
by the Magna Carta
and the English Bill
of Rights with the
freedoms listed in the
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freedoms listed in the
Virginia Bill of
Rights and the Bill of
Rights in the U.S.
Constitution.
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The Thirteen ColoniesThe Thirteen Colonies
• The colonies were established over a span of 125 years.– Virginia was the first colony, founded in 1607.
– Georgia was the last, formed in 1733.
• The similarities among the colonies ultimately
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• The similarities among the colonies ultimately outweighed their differences.
• Each colony was established on the basis of a charter granted by the king.– These charters granted some governing authority to the colonies and kept some for the king.
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Three Types of ColoniesThree Types of Colonies
• Royal colonies were directly controlled by the king.
• Proprietary colonies were run by a proprietor chosen by the king.
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• Charter colonies were run mainly by elected legislatures and were the most independent.
– How many royal colonies were left at this time? How were royal colonies and charter colonies different?
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Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies
• The governor was appointed by the king.
• The upper house of the colonial legislature was also appointed by the king and served as the colony’s highest court.
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as the colony’s highest court.
• The lower house was elected by colonists who owned enough property to vote.
• The governor had to approve all laws.
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Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies
• The proprietor appointed the governor.
• These colonies were run much like royal
colonies.
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• Of the proprietary colonies, Pennsylvania
had an unusually democratic government
with a unicameral legislature.
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Charter ColoniesCharter Colonies
• Checkpoint: What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a charter colony?
– Governors in charter colony were elected by property-owning colonists and lacked veto power.
– The elected bicameral legislature could pass laws without the approval of the king.
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the approval of the king.
– Judges were appointed by the legislature.
– Virginia and Massachusetts each had their charters revoked, becoming royal colonies.
– Charter colonies enjoyed the most freedoms.
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ReviewReview
• Now that you have learned what ideas and
traditions influenced government in the
English Colonies, go back and answer the
Chapter Essential Question.
– How does the Constitution reflect the times in
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– How does the Constitution reflect the times in
which it was written?