chapter 2: positioning of the subject
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CT5308 Chapter 2:TRANSCRIPT
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
February 1, 2012
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Chapter 2: Positioning the subject
ct5308 Breakwaters and Closure Dams
H.J. Verhagen
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Section Hydraulic Engineering
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Focus on:
• Technical aspects
• Technical impacts only
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Breakwaters and Closure dams
• Comparable items:
• similar materials
• similar execution methods
• Differences:
• load difference (wave action vs. currents)
• life time
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Characteristic values
Type of structure H/dn
Sandy beachGravel beachRock slopeBerm breakwater(Stable) rubble mound breakwatercaisson
>50020-5006-203-61-4<1
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mound breakwater types
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Monolithic breakwater type
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Sometimes vertical wall is only option
Cardiff
Barrage
14 m tidal
range
(situation at
high water
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Composite breakwater types
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Special breakwater types
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Floating breakwater in Italy (Marina di Verbania, Lago Maggiore)
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Floating breakwater in Italy
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Floating breakwater in Italy
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Vertical screens (Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club, Sydney, Australia)
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Basic methods of closure
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Closure named after topography
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Closures named after hydrologic conditions
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closures named after materials used
• stacking up willow mattresses (opzinken)
• sand closure
• clay or boulder clay closure
• stone dam closure (rock closure)
• caisson closure
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Pluimpot, Tholen
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sand closure
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Afsluitdijk
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rock closure
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caisson closure
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Rubble mound breakwater at Cittavecchia
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Breakwater at Cherbourg
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Breakwater at Plymouth
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Monolithic breakwater at Dover
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Breakwater at Marseilles
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Typical breakwater along the Mediterranean coast
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Historical closures
• Rhine damming (Wijk bij Duurstede)
• Sloe closure (pakwerk)
• Hindeburgdam
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Walcheren, four gaps on one island
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Development of erosion gullies