chapter 2 sec. 1 page 29. mesopotamia the fertile crescent
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2 Sec. 1Chapter 2 Sec. 1Page 29Page 29
![Page 2: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MesopotamiaMesopotamiaThe Fertile CrescentThe Fertile Crescent
![Page 3: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Geography
Desert Climate
Fertile Crescent: arc of land that provides some of the best farming in Southwest Asia
Mesopotamia=Fertile Crescent=land between the rivers
Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates
![Page 4: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Environmental Challenges1st group to settle the area were called Sumerians (Iraq today)
Three Disadvantages:
1. unpredictable flooding and periods of little rain
2. no natural barriers
3. Limited Natural resources
![Page 6: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Solving Problemsto provide water, they dug irrigation ditches that carried water to fields
built mud bricks and created walls
traded goods in exchange for raw materials that were needed
(It took many ppl working together to accomplish this)
![Page 7: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
City-States
City-States - city and it’s surrounding lands that function as an independent political unit (like a country)
Some city-states in Sumer were Ur, Umma, Lagash, Uruk, Kish, and Nippur
![Page 8: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Priests and Rulers Share controlPriests managed the irrigation system and ran the first gov’t
in times of war, the best fighter would lead the city-state
In time, military leaders became full-time rulers which led to a dynasty: a series of rulers from one family
![Page 9: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Spread of CitiesAs the culture of Sumer grew, other cities developed in the region
cultural diffusion: the process in which new ideas or products spread from one culture to others. took place
usually happens through trade, war, or migration
![Page 10: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sumerian Culture
Religion: believed in polytheism: belief in many gods
In order to keep the gods happy, the Sumerians built impressive ziggurats and offered sacrifices of animals, food and wine; also prayed and performed rituals
![Page 11: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Life in Sumerian Societysocial classes began
Kings, landholders and priests made up the highest level
Wealthy Merchants next
most ppl worked the land and fields
Slaves were the lowest class
![Page 12: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sumerian Science and Technology
Arithmetic and geometry: created a number system and used geometry to build
Architecture: Arches, columns, ramps and the step pyramid
Cuneiform: Sumerian system of writing
![Page 13: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1st Empire BuildersSargon the Great - 2334 BC
Sumerian city-states had been fighting each other for many years
in city-state of Kish, Sargon got army loyal to him and took over, then moved to conquer rest of Sumer - took 56 years
![Page 15: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
created the first empire: brings together several peoples, nations or states under the control of one rule
used military dictatorship to keep control, with loyal army in each city
helped unify Sumerian culture, but army was brutal
![Page 16: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sargon’s Akkadian Empire lasted less than 200 years
![Page 17: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Babylonian EmpireAmorites invaded in about 2000BC and overwhelmed the Sumerians. Established their capital at Babylon on Euphrates River
Babylon reached it’s peak under the rule of Hammurabi
Hammurabi created a single uniform code of laws that were carved in stone and put in each city
![Page 18: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
`
![Page 20: Chapter 2 Sec. 1 Page 29. Mesopotamia The Fertile Crescent](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f395503460f94c56e83/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnQGjmdUGCIThe Kings: From Babylon to Baghdad 1: first 12 minutes