chapter 2 sec 3 planned cities on the indus...
TRANSCRIPT
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Warmup
• Take a guess: how many Chinese characters there are in the modern-day language?
• 50,000!
• Altogether there are over 50,000 characters, though a comprehensive modern dictionary will rarely list over 20,000 in use. An educated Chinese person will know about 8,000 characters, but you will only need about 2-3,000 to be able to read a newspaper.
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Geography of China
• The Huang He River is more than 2900 miles long.• It flows across Central China and empties
into Yellow Sea
• 12 percent of the total land is suitable for farming.
• Much of China is mountainous and contains deserts.
• The mountains and desert acted as barriers, separating the Chinese from the rest of the Asia
• China is isolated because of natural barriers
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Huang He River• Referred to as “China’s
Sorrows” because floods, caused by the loess-clogged river, destroyed crops and led to mass starvation
• Provided a source of water for cities
• Linked cities within dynastic region
• Flooding in China deposited rich soil for farming
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Ancient China
• Dynasty – A series of rulers from a single family.
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Origins of Chinese Culture
• Family and Society
• Chief loyalty throughout life was to the family, then to the King, then to the country.
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Origins of Chinese Culture
• Religious Beliefs• Ancestral Worship –
to show respect and honor of the family
• They believed their ancestors had the power to bring good/bad fortune to living family members
• Oracle Bones – used to communicate with the gods
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Origins of Chinese Culture
• Calligraphy• Each character represents
one idea rather than a letter.
• Literate – 1,000 characters
• Educated – 10,000 characters
• Difficult to learn because so many characters
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Art as a Societal Reflection• During the Shang and
Zhou dynasties, bronze statues, textiles, and lacquerware were highly regulated by the royal court
• The court could choose to allow you to work on your artwork
• Or not!
Bronze statue
Lacquer bowlSilk clothing
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Art as a Societal Reflection• During the Han dynasty, a
landowning and merchant class appeared and grew
• Those people started having “leisure time” to paint, draw, create poetry & learn calligraphy
• Professional artists versus common people became a class distinction
Calligraphy
Paintings
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Art as a Social Reflection• Religion, especially
Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism, became very influential in artwork
• Buddhist artwork showed a lot of peace, nature, and of course Buddha
• Daoism was very influenced by the natural flow of life
• Confucianism stressed filial piety in its artwork
Buddha
Landscape
Loyalty to the emperor
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Chinese Government• Mandate of
Heaven
• In China, it is divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.
• God-given right to rule
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Chinese Government• Dynastic Cycle
• The historical pattern of the rise, decline and replacement of ruling dynasties.
• Dynastic Cycle=Mandate of Heaven
• Example: Zhou dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty claiming that the gods had given them the Mandate of Heaven
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GREAT WALL OF CHINA
• Shi Huangdi forced poor people to build it
• Built for protection from barbarians (Mongolian ancestors of Genghis Khan)
• Great Wall of China
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Zhou Dynasty• Kings ruled China
from 1027 BC to 256 BC
• Did not follow Chinese values of social order, harmony, and respect for authority
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Confucius 551-479 BC
• China’s most influential scholar
• Wanted to restore China’s ancient values of conformity and respect
• Confucianism became the foundation for the Chinese government and social order
• Bureaucracy – civil service exam to see who can get governments jobs
• Education became very important in order to get better jobs
• The teachings of Confucius had a philosophical impact on China giving the Scholars a higher social status
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Confucius• Believed social order, harmony, and good government
could be restored in China if society was organized around five basic relationships.
1. Ruler and Subject
2. Father and Son
-Filial Piety – respect for parents/elders
3. Husband and Wife
4. Older Brother and Younger Brother
5. Friend and Friend
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Yin and Yang
• Two powers that represented the natural rhythms of life
• Yin = feminine
• Yang = masculine
• Both complement/complete each other
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Qin Dynasty• Replaced Zhou Dynasty
• Conquered the other Chinese states through complete annihilation
• War used to be “a gentleman’s affair”
• Shi Huangdi – First Chinese Emperor
• Began rule at age 13
• Employed Legalist ideas
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Qin Dynasty
• Highly efficient and powerful government that crushed opponents
• Burned books by Confucius and other people who disagreed with the Emperor
• Established an autocracy
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Autocracy• A government in which the
ruler has unlimited power
• Dictatorship/monarchy
• Totalitarianism
How does the cartoon represent an autocracy?
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Qin Dynasty• Set uniform standards for writing, law, currency, and
measures
• Forced peasants to build over 4,000 miles worth of roads
• Irrigation systems helped improve farm production
• Used forced labor to build the Great Wall of China to prevent invaders (Mongol descendants of Genghis Khan) from entering China
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Great Wall of China• Built by peasants who were forced to work or face death
• Around 1 million died
• 1,400 miles long and 20-25 ft. high
• CANNOT SEE THIS FROM SPACE WITH THE NAKEDEYE!
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Censorship Debate
• Each group will read an online article https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinas-scary-lesson-to-the-world-censoring-the-internet-works/2016/05/23/413afe78-fff3-11e5-8bb1-f124a43f84dc_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.8c15d01c137e
• At your tables, please answer the following questions:
• 1) What are the positive aspects of Chinese censorship? What are some negative aspects?
• 2) Would extreme Internet censorship work here in the USA?
• 3) What are some ways that you know of that the school/state/federal government/new outlets/etc. censor you?
• 4) What are your thoughts on censorship in general? Does everyone have the right to free speech?