Chapter 2, Section 1Four States of Matter

Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion

The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to eachother.

States of Matter

Physical forms in which a substance can exist.

The are four solid liquidgasplasma

Solids

Definite shape and volume .The attraction between the particles are

stronger than the attraction between the particles in either a liquid or a gas.

Atoms do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them.

Each atom vibrates in place.

Crystalline VS Amorphous Solids

Crystalline – orderly arrangement

Amorphous – no orderly arrangement

Liquids

Takes shape of its container.

No definite shape but a definite volume.

Particles move fast enough for some of them to slide between one another

Properties of Liquids

Particles are close to one another so good for hydraulic brakes etc.

surface tension – force acting on the particles at the surface of the liquid

Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow

Maple syrup is more viscous than water

Water striders walk on water because of surface tension

Gas

No definite shape or volumeAtoms move fast enough to break away

completely from one anotherParticle have less attraction between

them than liquid or solidThere is empty space between the

particlesThe amount of empty space can change

ReviewSolid, Liquid, Gas or Plasma

1. On a blank piece of paper, put the numbers 1-132. Write solid, liquid, gas, or plasma for each of the

following PowerPoint slides

1. This has a definite shape and volume

2. This has no definite shape or volume

3. Its particles are tightly packed together

4. Has a definite volume but no definite shape

5. Rare on earth but most common in universe

6. Particles can move freely to all parts of container

7. Particles change position by sliding past one another

8. Only movement of particles is vibrations

9. Found at very high temperatures and pressures

10.A container of this is always full

11.Highest energy

12.Lowest energy

13.Found in lightning strikes and auroras

Answers to Review Questions1. Solid2. Gas/plasma3. Solid4. Liquid5. Plasma6. Gas/plasma7. Liquid8. Solid9. Plasma10. Gas/plasma11. Plasma12. Solid13. Plasma

Gas Pressure

Pressure – the amount of force exerted in a given area

The greater the amount of particles, the greater the pressure

Gas LawsThese laws describe the the behavior of

gases in relationship to temperature and pressure◦Boyle’s Law◦Charles’ Law

Boyle’s LawFor a fixed amount of gas at a constant

temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases

The volume of gas decreases as the pressure increases

Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship

Charles’s Law

At constant pressure as temperature increases, volume increases

As temperature decreases, volume decreases

PlasmasThe fourth state of matterNo definite shape or volumeMost unknown on earth but most common in

universe Created when electrons are stripped off of an

atom leaving the charged particlesFound on earth in lightning strikes, auroras,

and fluorescent lightsAffected by magnetic fields and can conduct

electricity