Chapter 2 Section 1

Native American People of Pennsylvania

I. The People• How did they get here?

• Some believe that they came across a land bridge more than 12,000 years ago

• Groups• 2 basic groups

• Algonquian• Consists of the Delaware, Shawnee, Nanticoke

• Iroquois• Consist of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga,

Seneca, Tuscarora, Erie and Susquehannock• The first five made up the Iroquois League of

Nations

II. Their Government• Clan

• Small Village• Local Level

• Council of Men• Appointed by each clan• Chosen by the women• The women can also remove a council member if doing a bad job

• Algonquian• Tribe

• Consisted of several clans• Each tribe had a chief and several council members• The tribe was considered more independent and less organized

• Iroquois• Originally there were 5 feuding tribes• They would form a league of tribes to keep from fighting each

other• A chief from each tribe sat on a tribal council

• Selected by the women• One of these men would be chosen as the head chief• There had to be an agreement between the head chief and all of

the other chiefs on the council before any major decisions were set

III. Courts• Non-existent• They lived by right or wrong• The idea of “An eye for an eye”

Chapter 2 Section 2Their Homes, Their Culture, and Their

Transportation

I. Homes• Algonquian

• Wigwams• Three Styles

• Dome Shaped• Cone Shaped

• Tipi• Rectangle

• One family to home• Sweat house

• Acted like their own health spa• Cold water poured over hot rocks which produced

steam• Iroquois

• Longhouses• Possibly 12 families to one house• 20’x100’ • When a man got married he moved in with his

wife’s family

II. Money System• Bartering

• Trade system• No money• Just trading good for other goods

III. Clothing• Deer Skin

• Hair is rotted out of• Then tanned into buckskin

• Children remained cloth less until age ten

IV. Hair• Women

• Long hair, never dyed

• Men• More pride in their hair than women• Usually covered in bear fat to make it

glossy• Sometimes soot was added to make it

blacker

V. Religion• Worship of nature

• Believed in one “Great Spirit”• Algonquians

• Killed animals to survive• However, they thought that the spirits of the

animals were very powerful• Treated the dead animals with respect so the

spirits would not be angry• Iroquois

• Believed in a number of powerful spirits• They believed they could contact spirits through

their dreams• Acknowledged the forces of good and evil

• Master of Life• Created the world• His brother planned to destroy it

V. Transportation• Water

• Canoe• Pennsylvania is more land than water• Series of trails throughout the state• They would ford streams and rivers

• Ford means to find the best and shallowest part of the river to cross

• Trails• Used for many different reasons

• Hunting• Trading• Visiting• Fighting

• War Path• Usually made on higher grounds

• Trading Path• More of a direct route

Chapter 2 Sections 3 & 4

European Settlements

I. Settlements• Creating a new colony

• Countries that created settlements in PA• Sweden• The Dutch• English

• William Penn• Born October 24, 1644• Attended Oxford University

• Began following the religion of the Quakers• Quaker

• The Society of Friends• Believe that all people are equal• War is wrong

• Church of England• The king’s church in England during the 1600’s• Started by Henry VIII• Anyone who did not follow the church were imprisoned

• Penn’s Land• Dreamed of a place where Quakers and all religious

followers could worship freely• The King• Owed money to Penn’s father

• Could not afford the loan• For repayment Penn asked for a land grant in North

America

II. The Holy Experiment• 1682

• Travels with 100 Quakers to PA

• Survival• Wood for homes• Animals for food• The Delaware Indians

• Taught hunting skills• Farming skills

• Philadelphia• The city of brotherly love

III. Laws• Three major laws were made

• “The Great Law”• All people were born equal

• “The Frame of Government”• Set up a council and a General Assembly

chosen by the citizens to discuss the needs and wants of the people

• “The Charter of Privileges”• The colonies General Assembly could now

suggest laws to be considered by the king or queen

• Still gave people freedom of religion