Chapter 2; Section 1Chapter 2; Section 1

Southern Colonies-Sec1Southern Colonies-Sec1

New England Colonies-New England Colonies-Sec2Sec2

Middle Colonies-Sec 3Middle Colonies-Sec 3

The beginningThe beginning The strugglesThe struggles The victoryThe victory

VOCABULARY ACOSTIC VOCABULARY ACOSTIC POEMSPOEMS

An easy way to remember the An easy way to remember the definition of any worddefinition of any word

JamestownJamestown

J…James River runs through it.J…James River runs through it. A...arrived by BritishA...arrived by British M…men arrivedM…men arrived E…even womenE…even women S...settlement in North AmericaS...settlement in North America T…town in VirginiaT…town in Virginia O…original colonyO…original colony W…winters were difficultW…winters were difficult N…no food in the beginningN…no food in the beginning

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Jamestown -1Jamestown -1stst settlement settlement Joint Stock companyJoint Stock company 40 miles up the James River40 miles up the James River Lack of preparationLack of preparation

-farming or carpentry-farming or carpentry

Temporary ImprovementTemporary Improvement

John Smith workersJohn Smith workers Powhatan cornPowhatan corn Tobacco introducedTobacco introduced 1609 – 400 settlers1609 – 400 settlers 1610 – 60 settlers1610 – 60 settlers

Rolf introduces tobacco, sell well in EnglandRolf introduces tobacco, sell well in England

War in VirginiaWar in Virginia

Rolf marries PocahontasRolf marries Pocahontas Enters peaceful relationsEnters peaceful relations 1622 Powhatan leader killed1622 Powhatan leader killed 20 year battle20 year battle London Company couldn’t protectLondon Company couldn’t protect

King becomes AuthorityKing becomes Authority

Daily life in VirginiaDaily life in Virginia

Tobacco PlantationsTobacco Plantations Head Right System – 50 acres/personHead Right System – 50 acres/person Indentured servantsIndentured servants

Demand greater than supplyDemand greater than supply 1619 Dutch bring slaves1619 Dutch bring slaves

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Officials ask for more taxesOfficials ask for more taxes Indentured servants attack IndiansIndentured servants attack Indians Trade polices Trade polices Wanted Indian landWanted Indian land Burns down JamestownBurns down Jamestown

Other Southern ColoniesOther Southern Colonies

Catholics in MarylandCatholics in Maryland Raised corn, hogsRaised corn, hogs Tobacco for profitTobacco for profit Protestants arriveProtestants arrive

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649 Religious freedom and freedom to minority Religious freedom and freedom to minority

Carolinas and GeorgiaCarolinas and Georgia 1663 Carolina formed1663 Carolina formed By 1712; 20,000 Enslaved-10,000 By 1712; 20,000 Enslaved-10,000

WhitesWhites

Savannah, Georgia – a place for Savannah, Georgia – a place for debtorsdebtors,,

founded by Oglethorpefounded by Oglethorpe

Economies of the SouthEconomies of the South

Dependant of AgricultureDependant of Agriculture Export of tar and woodExport of tar and wood Tobacco, rice, indigoTobacco, rice, indigo Long growing seasonLong growing season Enslaved AfricansEnslaved Africans Slave codesSlave codes Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano

Section 2 The New England Section 2 The New England ColoniesColonies

PilgrimsPilgrims ImmigrantsImmigrants Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Pg 43Pg 43

PuritansPuritans Protestants Protestants

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Why:Why: Practice their Practice their

Christian faith, and Christian faith, and still honor the King still honor the King of Englandof England

Rules to follow and Rules to follow and protect themselves protect themselves

SELF GOVERNING SELF GOVERNING

Samoset and SquantoSamoset and Squanto

Fish remains for Fish remains for soilsoil

Relationships with Relationships with localslocals

Trading furs Trading furs

New England CommunitiesNew England Communities

Different than the South Different than the South Taught Servants and childrenTaught Servants and children Poorer, but worked togetherPoorer, but worked together Women’s rightsWomen’s rights

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration

In 1630, John Winthrop leads over In 1630, John Winthrop leads over 20,000 20,000

Christian community – PuritansChristian community – Puritans Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony

Boston named CapitalBoston named Capital

Come preparedCome prepared New ImmigrantsNew Immigrants

Religion and Gov’t in New Religion and Gov’t in New EnglandEngland

Church members – strong roleChurch members – strong role Pass test of faithPass test of faith Connecticut Connecticut

Fundamental OrdersFundamental Orders

Providence, Rhode IslandProvidence, Rhode Island

formedformed

New England’s EconomyNew England’s Economy

Harsh climate, rocky soilHarsh climate, rocky soil Grew crops, raised animalsGrew crops, raised animals Slavery not an issueSlavery not an issue

EconomyEconomy

MerchantsMerchants – traded goods; furs, beef – traded goods; furs, beef

FishingFishing – cod, halibut, dried, whale oil – cod, halibut, dried, whale oil

ShipbuildingShipbuilding – materials, vessels – materials, vessels

Craftspeople Craftspeople – blacksmith, weaving, – blacksmith, weaving, printingprinting

Education in New EnglandEducation in New England

Read the BibleRead the Bible Public Education – 1647Public Education – 1647 Higher Education Higher Education

1636 - Harvard1636 - Harvard 1693 - William and Mary1693 - William and Mary

1700 – 70% men 45% women – read and 1700 – 70% men 45% women – read and write in New England write in New England

Section 3 The Middle Section 3 The Middle ColoniesColonies

New YorkNew York PennsylvaniaPennsylvania New JerseyNew Jersey Delaware Delaware

Pg 53; map questionsPg 53; map questions Stuyvesant – NY NJStuyvesant – NY NJ

DirectorDirector

Gov’t Life in the English Gov’t Life in the English ColoniesColonies

English Monarch

Southern GovernorCounty meetings

Middle GovernorBoth- town and county

Meetings

New England GovernorTown Meetings

Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments

Some colonies were elected Some colonies were elected representationrepresentation

Others were elected by the GovernorsOthers were elected by the Governors Each passed laws after approvalEach passed laws after approval

Penn’s ColonyPenn’s Colony

Quakers in New JerseyQuakers in New Jersey Elected assembly – self governingElected assembly – self governing Penn – proprietorPenn – proprietor Philadelphia – brotherly lovePhiladelphia – brotherly love Duke York – Delaware – to PennDuke York – Delaware – to Penn

Indentured Servants – settled in PennIndentured Servants – settled in Penn Trade important Trade important

Markets in West Indies and EnglandMarkets in West Indies and England Women ran clothing stores, bakeries etc.Women ran clothing stores, bakeries etc.

Economy of Middle ColoniesEconomy of Middle Colonies

Combined North and South Combined North and South characteristicscharacteristics

Staple crops – crops that are always Staple crops – crops that are always needed.needed.

Wheat, barley, oats and livestockWheat, barley, oats and livestock

Slaves- Blacksmiths and carpentersSlaves- Blacksmiths and carpenters

Triangular Trade ..Triangular Trade ..pg 56pg 56

A system in which goods and slaves A system in which goods and slaves were traded among, Britain, were traded among, Britain, Americans, and Africans.Americans, and Africans. Pg 56Pg 56 Pg 62Pg 62

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

The slave trade brought millions of The slave trade brought millions of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean in Africans across the Atlantic Ocean in a voyage called Middle Passagea voyage called Middle Passage

Brother James II becomes King Brother James II becomes King of Englandof England

Wants more control; England and Wants more control; England and ColoniesColonies

ParliamentParliament replaces him replaces him

with daughter Marywith daughter Mary

England Adopts: English Bill of England Adopts: English Bill of RightsRights

Main GoalMain Goal: : To reduce the powers of To reduce the powers of the English Monarch.the English Monarch.

English Trade LawsEnglish Trade Laws

Main IdeaMain Idea: Discover American : Discover American Colonies- Colonies- Earn $$ from tradeEarn $$ from trade

Mercantilism;Mercantilism; creating and controlling creating and controlling wealth through carefully controlled wealth through carefully controlled tradetrade

Navigation Act Navigation Act (1650-1696)(1650-1696)(to support mercantilism)(to support mercantilism)

Forbade colonial trade items like; Forbade colonial trade items like; sugar or cotton with any other sugar or cotton with any other country than England. country than England.

Trade only with England ?Trade only with England ?

Is this freedom?Is this freedom? Smuggling; sugar, molasses Smuggling; sugar, molasses

And rumAnd rum

* 1700’s found rich merchants* 1700’s found rich merchants

Trading around the world.Trading around the world.

1700’s Revolutions Occur1700’s Revolutions Occur

Religion, political and social reform.Religion, political and social reform. Europe and Colonies affectedEurope and Colonies affected “ “ Great Awakening” & Great Awakening” &

“Enlightenment”“Enlightenment”

A period where reason and A period where reason and logic could improve society. logic could improve society.

Europeans examined their worldsEuropeans examined their worlds Scientist began to understand the Scientist began to understand the

basic laws that govern nature.basic laws that govern nature.

The French and American The French and American Colonies Colonies

1675 “King Phillip Wars” - 1675 “King Phillip Wars” - Wampanoag upset because NE Wampanoag upset because NE colonists “taking their land”colonists “taking their land”

Many Indians developed trade Many Indians developed trade relations with relations with FrenchFrench colonists. colonists.

Furs, tools, weapons, goods.Furs, tools, weapons, goods.

French and British French and British struggle ..struggle ..

Who was to settle Ohio River Valley?Who was to settle Ohio River Valley? 6 different American tribes unite 6 different American tribes unite Indians trusted French more that Indians trusted French more that

EnglishEnglish

War between France and War between France and EnglandEngland

Struggled for control over North Struggled for control over North American coloniesAmerican colonies

Ohio Valley – 3 forts /French Ohio Valley – 3 forts /French Washington / English fortWashington / English fort His defeat starts the warHis defeat starts the war Europe – 7 year war Europe – 7 year war

Taxes increasesTaxes increases

Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris (pg 60)(pg 60)

1763 Britain and 1763 Britain and France sign treatyFrance sign treaty

Canada to BritainCanada to Britain

Britain has east of Britain has east of the Mississippi the Mississippi (except (except New Orleans)New Orleans)

Britain gets Florida Britain gets Florida through Spain through Spain

Why taxes?Why taxes?

Had to pay for the warHad to pay for the war Sugar ActSugar Act

Taxation without RepresentationTaxation without Representation What? Colonist had no say?What? Colonist had no say?

More Problems…More Problems…

Boston Massacre:Boston Massacre: Snowball fight – British soldiersSnowball fight – British soldiers

And ColonistsAnd Colonists

Boston Tea Party:Boston Tea Party: Sank Tea in the harborSank Tea in the harbor

What were the problems after What were the problems after the French and Indian War?the French and Indian War?

Sugar ActSugar Act Taxation without RepresentationTaxation without Representation Stamp ActStamp Act Townshend ActTownshend Act Boston MassacreBoston Massacre The Boston Tea PartyThe Boston Tea Party The Intolerable ActThe Intolerable Act

Affects of English Bill of Affects of English Bill of RightsRights

Colonists valued Colonists valued their rights to elect their rights to elect representationrepresentation

Decide local issuesDecide local issues

Used courts to Used courts to control local affairscontrol local affairs

Bill of Rights establishes Bill of Rights establishes control over the monarchy. control over the monarchy.

The right to petition the kingThe right to petition the king Freedom of Speech to the ParliamentFreedom of Speech to the Parliament Right to keep arms for defenseRight to keep arms for defense Right of a trial by juryRight of a trial by jury No excessive bail, fines, and cruel No excessive bail, fines, and cruel

punishment. punishment.

11 Causes of the American 11 Causes of the American RevolutionRevolution

What brought on the war between What brought on the war between Great Britain and their American Great Britain and their American Colonies? Colonies?

Fear brought; Proclamation of Fear brought; Proclamation of 17631763

This law banned British settlements This law banned British settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains, west of the Appalachian Mountains, and settlers had to leave the upper and settlers had to leave the upper Ohio Valley. Ohio Valley.

Sugar ActSugar Act

Raise to pay for war Raise to pay for war

(French / British)(French / British) import taximport tax SmugglersSmugglers

Taxation without Taxation without RepresentationRepresentation

Taxing Colonist without approvalTaxing Colonist without approval No direct representation in No direct representation in

ParliamentParliament Boycott-refused to buy British goodsBoycott-refused to buy British goods Samuel Adams and Otis spearheadsSamuel Adams and Otis spearheads

Stamp ActStamp Act A stamp or seal when buying paper A stamp or seal when buying paper

itemsitems Newspapers, licenses, playing cards etc.Newspapers, licenses, playing cards etc. First direct tax; not like an importFirst direct tax; not like an import Patrick Henry – Sons of LibertyPatrick Henry – Sons of Liberty Repealed – or, go away……..Repealed – or, go away……..

Townshend ActTownshend Act

Duty, or tax on glass, lead, paints, Duty, or tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea.paper, and tea.

Boycotting by colonistBoycotting by colonist LibertyLiberty Ship seized Ship seized

Quartering ActQuartering Act

British troops brought in for…British troops brought in for… Check for smugglingCheck for smuggling ProtectionProtection Enforce lawsEnforce laws

Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Troops brought threat to Troops brought threat to MassachusettsMassachusetts

Resentment and tension developedResentment and tension developed 3/5/1770 Snowball fight3/5/1770 Snowball fight Firing began – 3 deadFiring began – 3 dead Propaganda written (one sided)Propaganda written (one sided)

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Repealed Repealed Townshend; except Townshend; except for teafor tea

Tea Act 1773 – East Tea Act 1773 – East India CompanyIndia Company

3 ships show up at 3 ships show up at Boston HarborBoston Harbor

340 tea chest 340 tea chest dumped into harbordumped into harbor

Intolerable Act Intolerable Act (Coercive Act)(Coercive Act)

British upset of tea British upset of tea dumping; put these dumping; put these laws into affect.laws into affect.

Harbor closed until Harbor closed until ruined tea paid forruined tea paid for

Massachusetts Massachusetts charter cancelledcharter cancelled

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress

12 representatives 12 representatives arrived in arrived in Philadelphia to Philadelphia to discuss a plandiscuss a plan

Presented king with Presented king with Declaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights

Exports and imports Exports and imports ceased.ceased.

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord

King reject petitionKing reject petition British plan to seize (take) British plan to seize (take)

gunpowder and armsgunpowder and arms

Met by minutemenMet by minutemen

Second Continental Second Continental CongressCongress

Met and drafted a Met and drafted a new appeal to kingnew appeal to king

George Washington George Washington

selected to head army selected to head army of minutemen in of minutemen in BostonBoston