chapter 2 tech assessment

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BJTH 3063Technology, Policy and Strategy

ECHNOLOGYECHNOLOGY

SSESS!EN " #

SSESS!EN " #

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



INTRODUCTION

One of the basic requirements for proper

technology planning is TechnologyTechnology

Assessment (TA)Assessment (TA)

TA is the ay for our national planners toa!!ress the" questions of ho best to use

technology for the o#erall benefit of society$

The term an! concept of TA originally comeinto e%istence as a result of our concern for

negati#e effects of technology

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



INTRODUCTION

&rom business perspecti#e' suggest that

Technology Assessment (TA)Technology Assessment (TA) can be

#iee! as a tool for un!erstan!ing the

o#erall business en#ironment an! ust as

maret research con!ucte! to un!erstan!

consumer preferences$

Technology AssessmentTechnology Assessment coul! be

con!ucte! to un!erstan! the technology$

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



TA is *OR+ T,AN -O./IN0 *AN1*AD+TA is *OR+ T,AN -O./IN0 *AN1*AD+

2RO3.+*2RO3.+*

Technology is a man ma!e$ The negati#e effects of

technology are' therefore man1ma!e problems$

As a result' some people (ho #ie technology as

something that ensla#es man' !estroys theen#ironment creates of culture !isor!ers) emphasi4e

the problem sol#ing aspect of TA$

these people belong to the early starter countries$

&or them' the main purpose of TA is to !e#elop aysan! means of mitigating the problems create! by

current technologies applications$$

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



TA is *OR+ T,AN +IA (+N/IRON*+NTA.TA is *OR+ T,AN +IA (+N/IRON*+NTA.

I*2ACT A--+--*+NT)I*2ACT A--+--*+NT)

Tra!itionally' the aim of +IA has been the protection

of the natural en#ironment to pre#ent further

!eterioration of the quality of life$

in this conte%t' TA enables us to selecttechnologies that !o not affect the stability of the

ecosystem beyon! the capacity of self1reneal$

this approach sees 5en#ironment6 only as

pollutions of lan!' ater an! air' focuses on theminimi4ation of the a!#erse effects

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



TA is A.. O& T,+ A3O/+ AND *OR+TA is A.. O& T,+ A3O/+ AND *OR+

The mo!ern concept of TA inclu!es not only the

5minimi4ation of negati#e effectsminimi4ation of negati#e effects6 of technologyan! the !e#elopment of en#ironmentally soun! of

technologies

3UT'

also the 5ma%imi4ation of positi#e effectsma%imi4ation of positi#e effects6 of

technology an! the !e#elopment of technologies

5consistent ith the surroun!ing6$

+n#ironment is only one aspect of the

surroun!ings$ The total human surroun!ingsinclu!e en#ironmental as ell as economic'

population' resources' socio1culture an! political1

legal aspects$

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



RO.+ O& TA

T,+ RO.+ O& TA in D+/+.O2IN0 COUNTRI+-T,+ RO.+ O& TA in D+/+.O2IN0 COUNTRI+-

The folloing may be consi!ere! as the maor

purpose of Technology AssessmentTechnology Assessment in the conte%t

of !e#eloping countries7

+#aluation of appropriateness of

technologies for transfer an a!aptation

-election of technologies for !e#elopment

Control of inappropriate technologies for the

protection of en#ironment$

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



+#aluation of appropriateness of+#aluation of appropriateness of

technologies for transfer an a!aptationtechnologies for transfer an a!aptation

This in#ol#es the i!entification of e%istingtechnologies a#ailable in !e#elope!

countries that are compatible an! ha#e

scope for a!aptation ithin the

surroun!ings in the !e#eloping countries

RO.+ O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



-election of technologies for-election of technologies for

!e#elopment!e#elopment

This in#ol#es the i!entification of thosee%isting in!igenous technologies or

other e%isting e%ogenous technologies

that are consistent ith national goals$

RO.+ O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



Control of inappropriate technologiesControl of inappropriate technologies

for the protection of en#ironmentfor the protection of en#ironment

This in#ol#es the i!entification ofcorrecti#e measures for both local an!

importe! technologies$

RO.+ O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



T,+ RO.+ O& TA in 3U-IN+--T,+ RO.+ O& TA in 3U-IN+--

The primary purpose of TA in business

oul! be to pro#i!e management ith

the insights of !e#elopment potential

ne pro!ucts an! ser#ices' !ifferent

ays of !oing business an! ne

economic forces$

RO.+ O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



T,+ RO.+ O& TA in 3U-IN+--T,+ RO.+ O& TA in 3U-IN+--

hoe#er' once these insights are obtaine!'se#eral ey questions oul! surface7

8$ ,o ill the technology affect competitionithin the in!ustry9

:$ ;hat oul! be the impact on the firm an!the in!ustry9

<$ -houl! the company tae an offensi#e or!efensi#e posture ith technology9

RO.+ O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



Due to the #ery comple% interaction factors

beteen technology an! its surroun!ings'

one nee!s to consi!er many factors$ The

folloing is the listing of technology

e#aluation factors8$ technological factors

:$ economic factors

<$ resources factors

=$ en#ironmental factors

>$ population factors

?$ politico1legal factors

T,+ 2ROC+-- O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



T,+ 2ROC+-- O& TA

T+C,NO.O0ICA. &ACTOR-

Technical Utility – capability, reliability, efficiency

ption! of technolo"y – fle#ibility, !cale

A$ailability of %nfra!tr&ct&re – !&pport !er$ice!

R+-OURC+- &ACTOR-

A$ailability of material an' ener"y re!o&rce!

A$ailability of financial re!o&rce!

A$ailability of !(ill manpo)er

2O2U.ATION &ACTOR-

*ro)th of pop&lation – rate, life e#pectancy

+e$el of e'&cation – literacy rate

+abor characteri!tic! – &nemployment

+CONO*IC &ACTOR-

conomic -ea!ibility – co!t.benefit

%mpro$ement in pro'&cti$ity – capital, re!o&rce!

/ar(et potential – !ize, ela!ticity

+N/IRON*+NTA. &ACTOR-

%mpact on phy!ical en$ironment – air, )ater, lan'

%mpact on li$in" con'ition! – comfort, noi!e

%mpact on life – !afety, health

2O.ITICO1.+0A. &ACTOR-

olitical acceptability

/a!! nee' !ati!faction

Compatible! ith in!tit&tion! an' policie!

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



0eneral steps in the assessment processare7

%'entification of the problem

1e!cription of alternati$e! bein"

a!!e!!e'

!tabli!hment of a!!e!!ment factor!

$al&ation of e#pecte' effect!

-orm&lation of action option! Choice of !&itable action

T,+ 2ROC+-- O& TA

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



T,+ 2ROC+-- O& TAI!entification of the problemI!entification of the problem

1etermination of time horizon an' le$el of analy!i!ettin" bo&n'arie! an' ob4ecti$e!

Description of alternati#es being assesse!Description of alternati#es being assesse!%n$entory of rele$ant technolo"ical alternati$e!Technolo"ical foreca!tin"

+stablishment of assessment factors+stablishment of assessment factors

1e!cription of rele$ant factor!%'entification of $ariable! an' type! of effect!

+#aluation of e%pecte! effects+#aluation of e%pecte! effects Analy!i! an' mea!&rement of effect!%nte"ration of all e#pecte' effect!

&ormulation of action options&ormulation of action options%'entification of all po!!ible action option! Analy!i! of con!e5&ence! for each option

Choice of suitable actionChoice of suitable action%nfl&ence of $ario&! 'eci!ion.ma(er!J&!tification for the final choiceChoice the mo!t !&itable alternati$e BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



Tools an! Technique of TA

ne important !tep in the TA proce!! i! the

e$al&ation of $ario&! effect! of the technolo"y )ith

re!pect to the total h&man !&rro&n'in"!

ome of the!e factor! can be mea!&re in

5&antitati$e manner )hile other! only in 5&alitati$e

manner

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli




The !pecific metho'olo"y nee'e' for TA )ill $ary

ca!e by ca!e in term! of ob4ecti$e! an' foc&!,

'epen'in" on the !ta"e of 'e$elopment of the

technolo"y an' type of technolo"y

#ample7 at intro'&ction pha!e, the ob4ecti$e of TA

i! to e$al&ate the li(ely con!e5&ence! of po!!ible

impact!Ho)e$er, in the "ro)th pha!e, TA !ho&l' con!i'er all

hi"her or'er impact! an' analyze mea!&re! to

alle$iate tho!eBJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



Therefore, tool! or techni5&e! of TA

ba!ically in t)o type!7

8 9&antitati$e in nat&re

%e:co!t benefit analy!i!; –

po!iti$e effect! are

con!i'ere' to be the benefit! )hile the

ne"ati$e effect! are the co!t!


BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli



2 9&alitati$e in nat&re

%e 9&alitati$e re!earch in$ol$e!

the collection, analy!i! an'interpretation of 'ata that are not

ea!ily re'&ce' to n&mber!


inter#ie techniques

analysis of ritten recor!s

Con#ersation analysis

BJTH 3063 Chapter 2

Azizi Romli

chapter 2 tech assessment

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