• Giovanni da Verranzo- France- searched for Northwest passage route to Asia in 1524

• Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535

• Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia - 1608

• French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada

• Population generally scattered – Present day Canada, west of Appalachia to Rocky

Mountains, and Caribbean islands– Population grew slow- 6,000 whites by 1750 compared

to 2,000,000 in the 13 colonies

• Characteristics of New France:– Focused mainly on trading with Indians

• Best relationship with Indians of any European power• Fur trade (especially beaver) were successful• Coureur de bois- frontiersmen who traded with Indians• Jesuit Missionaries tried to convert

– Settlements had no elected assemblies or trial by jury– Primarily Catholic

European Colonization

• Like French, Dutch focus on fur trade, ally with Indians, & send only a few men to settlements– Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River– New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the

Dutch global trade system (1609)– 1624 founded New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island– Henry Hudson was the big Dutch explorer

• First European colony that practiced ethnic and religious plurality– Done in an attempt to attract settlers and stimulate trade– Appealed to refugees

Types of Colonies In British North America

• Charter Colony: Chartered to an individual, trading company, etc. by the British crown

• Proprietary Colony: One or more private land owners are granted territories over which they then have full governing rights

• Royal Colony: A colony that is governed directly by the crown

Southern Colonies

MarylandVirginia

North CarolinaSouth Carolina

Georgia

Chesapeake Colonies

• Maryland

• Virginia

• Still part of the Southern Colonies

Virginia---1624•Jamestown-1607

Joint Stock CompanyVirginia Company

Captain John SmithJohn Rolfe

Trade and ProfitRepresentative Govt•House of Burgesses

Jamestown-Proprietary Colony

Virginia-Royal Colony

Maryland--1634 George Calvert…AKALord Baltimore

Religious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland

Representative govt

Proprietary Colony

North/South CarolinaIn 1663

Anthony Ashley Cooper and

7 English nobles

Setup a new colony based upon social

classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts

Representative govtProprietary colony

(1663-1729)Royal Colonies (1729)

Georgia—1732 James OglethorpeProvide a place for

debtors could start a new life---Acted as a

buffer against Spanish Florida

Proprietary Colony (1732-1752)Royal Colony

(1755)

Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner

Population of Chesapeake Colonies: 1610-1750

Colonization of Chesapeake

Early British Settlement• Reasons why Britain got interested in establishing colonies in

North America– Population growth in England (recovering from black death)– Eventual peace with Spain allowed them to travel unopposed– Economic opportunity– Land available– Adventure– Markets– Freedom (political and religious)– Chance for social advancement– Joint Stock companies could/would provide trip there

Early British Settlement• Sir Humphrey Gilbert first tried to establish a British colony in

New Foundland in 1583, but died while at sea• His ½ brother, Sir Walter Raleigh next established a colony at

Roanoke Island in present day Virginia in 1585 that was made up of 75 men– Not particularly bright people, they captured and tortured local indians

and/or held them ransom– Colony ultimately failed when new supplies failed to arrive– Sir Francis Drake picked them up and brought them back to England– He left 15 of his own men behind and they were never heard from

again…foreshadowing• In 1587, Raleigh tried again(115 men, women, and children).

– When Raleigh returned to Roanoke from England in 1588- entire colony had vanished…including the buildings

• 20 years later the English tried again and this time it took- Jamestown Colony was established in 1607