chapter 2, traffic engineering studies sec 2.4...
TRANSCRIPT
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2.4 Parking Studies
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• Any traveling vehicle will at one time or another be
parked for short time or a much longer time.
• Great need for parking spaces in areas where land
uses include business, residential, or commercial
activities.
• “park-and-ride” increased the demand for parking
spaces at transit stations.
• Providing adequate parking space in the CBD may
necessitate the provision of parking bays along curbs
which reduces the capacity of the streets and may
affect the level of service.
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• Parking studies are used to:
– Determine the demand for and the supply of
parking facilities in an area,
– Projection of the demand,
– Views of various interest
groups on how best to solve
the problem parking
problems
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1. On-Street Parking Facilities (curb facilities):
- Parking bays are provided alongside the curb on one
or both sides of the street.
- Can be unrestricted parking (duration is unlimited and
parking is free) or restricted parking facilities (limited
to specific times and may not be free).
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2. Off-Street Parking Facilities:
- Can be privately or publicly owned.
- They include surface lots and garages.
- They can be Self-Parking garages (require that drivers
park their own automobiles), or attendant-parking
garages (maintain personnel to park the automobiles).
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1. Space-hour: a unit of parking that defines the use of
a single parking space for a period of 1 hour.
2. Parking Volume: total number of vehicles that park in
a study area during a specific length of time, usually a
day.
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3. Parking Accumulation:
- Is the number of parked vehicles in a study area at any
specified time, usually a day.
- Data can be plotted as a curve of parking accumulation
against time, which shows the
variation of the parking
accumulation during the day.
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4. Parking Load: the area under the accumulation curve
between two specific times
‒ Given as the number of space-hours used during the
specified period of time
5. Parking Duration: is the length of time a vehicle is
parked at a parking bay.
‒ Average parking duration gives an indication of how
frequently a parking space becomes available.
6. Parking Turnover: rate of use of a parking space
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spaces parking ofNumber
period specific afor Volume Parking Turnover Parking =
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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:
1. Inventory of existing parking facilities: A detailed listing of
the location and all other relevant characteristics of each
legal parking facility, private and public, in the study area
� Type and number of parking spaces at each parking facility
� Times of operation and limit on duration of parking, if any
� Type of ownership (private or public)
� Parking fees, if any, and method of collection
� Restrictions on use (open or closed to the public)
� Other restrictions, if any (loading and unloading zones)
� Probable degree of permanency
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Note: The inventory should be updated at regular intervals of
about four to five years.
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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:
2. Collection of parking data:
‒ Accumulation: It is obtained by checking the amount of
parking during regular intervals on different days of the
week
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Obtained information is used to
determine:
� Hourly variations of parking
� Peak periods of parking demand
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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:
2. Collection of parking data:
‒ Turnover and Duration: usually obtained by collecting data
on a sample of parking spaces in a given block.
‒ It is done by recording the license plate of the vehicle
parked on each parking space in the sample at the ends
of fixed intervals during the study period.
‒ The length of the fixed intervals depends on the
maximum permissible duration
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Turnover,
Electronic systems use wireless sensors detect the
arrival and departure of a vehicle at a parking space
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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:
3. Identification of parking generators: It involves
‒ Identifying parking generators (for example, shopping
centers or transit terminals)
‒ Locating these on a well-Prepared map or the study area
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4. Parking demand: It is obtained by interviewing drivers at
the various parking facilities listed during the inventory
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It is straightforward involving simple
arithmetical and statistical calculations
• It includes summarizing, coding, and interpreting the
data. The final relevant information includes:
– Number and duration for vehicles legally parked
– Number and duration for vehicles illegally parked
– Space-hours of demand for parking
– Supply of parking facilities
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• Space-hours of demand for parking
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• Space-hours of supply
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• The efficiency factor f is used to correct for time lost
in each turnover.
– It is determined on the basis of the best performance a
parking facility is expected to produce.
– Efficiency factors is determined for different types of
parking facilities
• Curb parking (during highest demand) → 78% - 96%
• Surface lots and garages → 75% - 92%
– Average values for the efficiency factor
• 90% for curb parking,
• 80% for garages
• 85% for surface lots.TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463
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