chapter 2, traffic engineering studies sec 2.4...

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07-Sep-14 1 1 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463 2.4 Parking Studies 2 Any traveling vehicle will at one time or another be parked for short time or a much longer time. Great need for parking spaces in areas where land uses include business, residential, or commercial activities. “park-and-ride” increased the demand for parking spaces at transit stations. Providing adequate parking space in the CBD may necessitate the provision of parking bays along curbs which reduces the capacity of the streets and may affect the level of service. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

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Page 1: Chapter 2, Traffic Engineering Studies Sec 2.4 Parkingmoodle.najah.edu/pluginfile.php/85769/mod_resource/content/0... · the location and all other relevant characteristics of each

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1TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

2.4 Parking Studies

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• Any traveling vehicle will at one time or another be

parked for short time or a much longer time.

• Great need for parking spaces in areas where land

uses include business, residential, or commercial

activities.

• “park-and-ride” increased the demand for parking

spaces at transit stations.

• Providing adequate parking space in the CBD may

necessitate the provision of parking bays along curbs

which reduces the capacity of the streets and may

affect the level of service.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

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• Parking studies are used to:

– Determine the demand for and the supply of

parking facilities in an area,

– Projection of the demand,

– Views of various interest

groups on how best to solve

the problem parking

problems

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1. On-Street Parking Facilities (curb facilities):

- Parking bays are provided alongside the curb on one

or both sides of the street.

- Can be unrestricted parking (duration is unlimited and

parking is free) or restricted parking facilities (limited

to specific times and may not be free).

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2. Off-Street Parking Facilities:

- Can be privately or publicly owned.

- They include surface lots and garages.

- They can be Self-Parking garages (require that drivers

park their own automobiles), or attendant-parking

garages (maintain personnel to park the automobiles).

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1. Space-hour: a unit of parking that defines the use of

a single parking space for a period of 1 hour.

2. Parking Volume: total number of vehicles that park in

a study area during a specific length of time, usually a

day.

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3. Parking Accumulation:

- Is the number of parked vehicles in a study area at any

specified time, usually a day.

- Data can be plotted as a curve of parking accumulation

against time, which shows the

variation of the parking

accumulation during the day.

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4. Parking Load: the area under the accumulation curve

between two specific times

‒ Given as the number of space-hours used during the

specified period of time

5. Parking Duration: is the length of time a vehicle is

parked at a parking bay.

‒ Average parking duration gives an indication of how

frequently a parking space becomes available.

6. Parking Turnover: rate of use of a parking space

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

spaces parking ofNumber

period specific afor Volume Parking Turnover Parking =

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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:

1. Inventory of existing parking facilities: A detailed listing of

the location and all other relevant characteristics of each

legal parking facility, private and public, in the study area

� Type and number of parking spaces at each parking facility

� Times of operation and limit on duration of parking, if any

� Type of ownership (private or public)

� Parking fees, if any, and method of collection

� Restrictions on use (open or closed to the public)

� Other restrictions, if any (loading and unloading zones)

� Probable degree of permanency

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

Note: The inventory should be updated at regular intervals of

about four to five years.

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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:

2. Collection of parking data:

‒ Accumulation: It is obtained by checking the amount of

parking during regular intervals on different days of the

week

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

Obtained information is used to

determine:

� Hourly variations of parking

� Peak periods of parking demand

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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:

2. Collection of parking data:

‒ Turnover and Duration: usually obtained by collecting data

on a sample of parking spaces in a given block.

‒ It is done by recording the license plate of the vehicle

parked on each parking space in the sample at the ends

of fixed intervals during the study period.

‒ The length of the fixed intervals depends on the

maximum permissible duration

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

Turnover,

Electronic systems use wireless sensors detect the

arrival and departure of a vehicle at a parking space

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• A comprehensive parking study usually involves:

3. Identification of parking generators: It involves

‒ Identifying parking generators (for example, shopping

centers or transit terminals)

‒ Locating these on a well-Prepared map or the study area

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

4. Parking demand: It is obtained by interviewing drivers at

the various parking facilities listed during the inventory

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It is straightforward involving simple

arithmetical and statistical calculations

• It includes summarizing, coding, and interpreting the

data. The final relevant information includes:

– Number and duration for vehicles legally parked

– Number and duration for vehicles illegally parked

– Space-hours of demand for parking

– Supply of parking facilities

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• Space-hours of demand for parking

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• Space-hours of supply

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• The efficiency factor f is used to correct for time lost

in each turnover.

– It is determined on the basis of the best performance a

parking facility is expected to produce.

– Efficiency factors is determined for different types of

parking facilities

• Curb parking (during highest demand) → 78% - 96%

• Surface lots and garages → 75% - 92%

– Average values for the efficiency factor

• 90% for curb parking,

• 80% for garages

• 85% for surface lots.TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

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