Chapter 2 – Weather FactorsChapter 2 – Weather Factors

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Section 1- Energy from the SunSection 1- Energy from the Sun

Electromagnetic wavesElectromagnetic waves – a form of energy – a form of energy that can travel through space.that can travel through space.

RadiationRadiation – the transfer of energy from an – the transfer of energy from an electromagnetic wave. electromagnetic wave.

Energy from the SunEnergy from the Sun

Infrared radiationInfrared radiation – form of energy with – form of energy with wavelengths that are longer than red light.wavelengths that are longer than red light.

Ultraviolet radiationUltraviolet radiation – form of energy with – form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than violet light.wavelengths that are shorter than violet light.

Energy in the AtmosphereEnergy in the Atmosphere

ScatteringScattering – reflection of light in all directions. – reflection of light in all directions. Clouds in the atmosphere reflect energy from Clouds in the atmosphere reflect energy from

the sun like mirrors. Dust particles and the sun like mirrors. Dust particles and molecules of gas also reflect the sun in all molecules of gas also reflect the sun in all directions. directions.

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth

When Earth’s surface is heated, it radiates When Earth’s surface is heated, it radiates some of the energy back into the atmosphere some of the energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation.as infrared radiation.

This heat is absorbed by water vapor, carbon This heat is absorbed by water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases.dioxide, methane, and other gases.

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth

Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect – the absorption by – the absorption by which gases hold on to the heat in the air.which gases hold on to the heat in the air.

Energy on EarthEnergy on Earth

Section 2 – Heat TransferSection 2 – Heat Transfer

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy – the total energy of motion – the total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance.in the molecules of a substance.

Temperature is the Temperature is the averageaverage amount. amount.

Heat TransferHeat Transfer

HeatHeat – the transfer of energy from a hotter – the transfer of energy from a hotter object to a cooler one.object to a cooler one.

There are three types of heat transfer:There are three types of heat transfer:– RadiationRadiation– ConductionConduction– ConvectionConvection

RadiationRadiation

This is the heat you feel from the sun or a This is the heat you feel from the sun or a campfire without touching it. campfire without touching it.

You cannot see radiation but you can feel it.You cannot see radiation but you can feel it.

ConductionConduction

Conduction is the direct energy transfer from Conduction is the direct energy transfer from one object to another by touching. one object to another by touching. – Ex.Ex.

When you touch a hot pot that is on the stove. When you touch a hot pot that is on the stove.

ConvectionConvection

Convection is the transfer of energy by the Convection is the transfer of energy by the movement of a fluid.movement of a fluid.– Ex.Ex.

Cooking noodles for spaghetti. Cooking noodles for spaghetti.