chapter 20 chemical bonding. stability in bonding most matter is found in compounds {ie air, water,...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 20
CHEMICAL BONDING
Stability in Bonding
bull Most matter is found in compounds ie air water salt
bull Compounds have properties unlike those of their individual elements
bull Salt NaCl= Na + Cl bull Na is a grey soft metal that
reacts violently w waterbull Cl is a greenish-yellow gas
that is toxic if inhaledbull 1 atom Na + 1 atom Cl = NaClbull NaCl is a chemical formula
bull Chemically combine to form something we put on our french fries
H2O ne H2O ne H2O
bull Numbers in some chemical formulas are called subscripts
bull Means ldquowritten belowrdquobull This tells how many atoms of
that element combine with the other element(s)
bull Ammonia NH3 = 1 N atom for every 3 H atoms 1N3H ratio
Try these
bull SiO2 silicon dioxide
bull C2H5OH ethanol
bull H2SO4 sulfuric acid
bull C6H12O6 sugar
bull KMnO4 potassium permanganate
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in a compound
bull Chemical Formula tells what elements it contains w symbols
bull Tells ratio of the atoms of those atoms w subscripts
bull Elements bond to become chemically stable (happy )
bull They become resistant to change
bull Outer E level completely filled with e- (usually 8 e-)
bull Gaining losing or sharing e- cause chemical change
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Stability in Bonding
bull Most matter is found in compounds ie air water salt
bull Compounds have properties unlike those of their individual elements
bull Salt NaCl= Na + Cl bull Na is a grey soft metal that
reacts violently w waterbull Cl is a greenish-yellow gas
that is toxic if inhaledbull 1 atom Na + 1 atom Cl = NaClbull NaCl is a chemical formula
bull Chemically combine to form something we put on our french fries
H2O ne H2O ne H2O
bull Numbers in some chemical formulas are called subscripts
bull Means ldquowritten belowrdquobull This tells how many atoms of
that element combine with the other element(s)
bull Ammonia NH3 = 1 N atom for every 3 H atoms 1N3H ratio
Try these
bull SiO2 silicon dioxide
bull C2H5OH ethanol
bull H2SO4 sulfuric acid
bull C6H12O6 sugar
bull KMnO4 potassium permanganate
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in a compound
bull Chemical Formula tells what elements it contains w symbols
bull Tells ratio of the atoms of those atoms w subscripts
bull Elements bond to become chemically stable (happy )
bull They become resistant to change
bull Outer E level completely filled with e- (usually 8 e-)
bull Gaining losing or sharing e- cause chemical change
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
H2O ne H2O ne H2O
bull Numbers in some chemical formulas are called subscripts
bull Means ldquowritten belowrdquobull This tells how many atoms of
that element combine with the other element(s)
bull Ammonia NH3 = 1 N atom for every 3 H atoms 1N3H ratio
Try these
bull SiO2 silicon dioxide
bull C2H5OH ethanol
bull H2SO4 sulfuric acid
bull C6H12O6 sugar
bull KMnO4 potassium permanganate
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in a compound
bull Chemical Formula tells what elements it contains w symbols
bull Tells ratio of the atoms of those atoms w subscripts
bull Elements bond to become chemically stable (happy )
bull They become resistant to change
bull Outer E level completely filled with e- (usually 8 e-)
bull Gaining losing or sharing e- cause chemical change
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Try these
bull SiO2 silicon dioxide
bull C2H5OH ethanol
bull H2SO4 sulfuric acid
bull C6H12O6 sugar
bull KMnO4 potassium permanganate
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in a compound
bull Chemical Formula tells what elements it contains w symbols
bull Tells ratio of the atoms of those atoms w subscripts
bull Elements bond to become chemically stable (happy )
bull They become resistant to change
bull Outer E level completely filled with e- (usually 8 e-)
bull Gaining losing or sharing e- cause chemical change
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in a compound
bull Chemical Formula tells what elements it contains w symbols
bull Tells ratio of the atoms of those atoms w subscripts
bull Elements bond to become chemically stable (happy )
bull They become resistant to change
bull Outer E level completely filled with e- (usually 8 e-)
bull Gaining losing or sharing e- cause chemical change
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
20-2 Types of Bonds Ions are atoms that have lost or gained an e-bull This gives them a positive (+ lose e-) or
negative (- gain e-) chargebull Draw Lewis structures for each elementbull Put brackets around the symbol [ ]bull Then write a superscript + or ndash sign (see bottom
of pg 609 or top of pg 603) outside of the brackets
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Ionic Bonds
bull Force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound
bull Atoms gain or lose e- to become stablebull Metals usually lose e- ( in outer E
level)bull Non-metals usually gain e- bull Now both atoms are stable (happy )
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Ionic bondingbull NaCl
bull Whiteboard practice
bull MgF2
bull CaCl2bull LiBrbull KI
bull Mg3P2
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Covalent bonding
bull Molecules are formed when e- are SHAREDbull Sharing e- to become stable (8 e-outer level) is more
common than losinggaining e-bull Diatomic molecules 2 atoms of the same element
bull Cl2 O2 H2 N2 F2
bull These would be nonpolar molecules they share e- equally
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Covalent bonding contbull e- not always shared equally polar
molecules are between 2 different non-metal elements
bull Unequal sharing causes the molecule to have a (+) and a (ndash) end
bull e- spend more timenear the Othan the 2 H atoms
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
CHEMICAL BONDING REVIEWIonic bonding forms ions which can be positive or
negativeCovalent bonding forms molecules which can be polar or
non-polarElements that are close together on the periodic table
(non-metals) usually form covalent bondsElements far apart on the periodic table (metals amp non-
metals) form ionic bonds
Extra Credit Draw dot diagram for sugar
C6 H12 O6
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
bull Oxidation is a + or - assigned to an element to show its combining ability in a compound
bull It indicates how many e- an atom has lost gained or shared when bonding
bull NaCl Na loses 1 e- 1+ oxidation bull Cl gains 1 e- 1- oxidation bull Write the oxidation rsquos on your periodic
table from pg 616
203 Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
bull Some elements have more than 1 oxidation
bull Usually the Transition elementsbull Use Roman numerals to show the
different oxidation rsquosbull Copy Table 2 from pg 616 onto the
back of your periodic tablebull Do the same for Table 3 pg 618
and Table 4 pg 619 and Table 5 pg 621
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
How to write binary ionic formulas
bull Binary compound composed of 2 different elements (ie NaCl)
bull 1) write the symbol for the elements w the (+) oxidation (H amp metals are +)
bull 2) then write the symbol of the element w the (-) oxidation (non-metals)
bull 3) add subscripts so the sum of the oxidation rsquos of the atoms are zero
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Letrsquos Practicebull Bromine and Potassiumbull 1) Potassium is + K1+
bull 2) Bromine is - Br1-
bull 3) (1+) + (1-) = 0 so no subscripts are neededbull 4) KBrbull Nitrogen and Magnesiumbull 1) Magnesium is + Mg2+
bull 2) Nitrogen is - N3-
bull 3) (2+) + (3-) ne 0 so you need to add subscriptsbull 4) Use crossover method the ox of Mg becomes the
subscript for N ox of N becomes the subscript for Mg Mg3N2
bull DO NOT USE + OR ndash SIGN IN SUBSCRIPT
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
PRACTICE WITH WHITEBOARDS
bull Flourine and Lithiumbull Chlorine and Aluminumbull Calcium and Oxygenbull Oxygen and Sodiumbull Potassium and Chlorinebull Strontium and Sulfurbull Beryllium and Nitrogenbull Iodine and Rubidium
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Naming chemical compounds
bull 1) Write the name of the (+) elementbull 2) If this element has more than 1 ox
(check the back of your periodic table) use the ox of the (-) element to figure out the ox of the (+) element use a Roman numeral after the elementrsquos name
bull 3) use Table 3 (back of your PT) to name the second element
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Letrsquos Practicebull CuIbull 1) Cu is (+) Copper (is it a lsquospecial
ionrsquo Look on the back of your PT)bull 2) I is (-) itrsquos ox is (1-) so we should
use Copper (I)bull 3) I is iodine which changes to iodide in
binary compoundsbull 4) Copper (I) iodide
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull MgF2
bull PbO2
bull Na2O
bull LiBrbull BaSbull CuO
bull FeF3
bull Cr2O3
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Compounds with Polyatomic Ionsbull Poly many so polyatomic having many
atomsbull Polyatomic ion positively or negatively
charge group of atoms that act as one when bonding
bull Table 4 is just a short list
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Naming with polyatomic ions
bull 1) Write positive part firstbull 2) Use Table 4 from the back of your
PTbull Example NaOHbull 1) Na is positive sodiumbull 2) OH hydroxidebull 3) sodium hydroxide
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Whiteboard practice
bull Cu(OH)2
bull CaCO3
bull Al(C2H3O2)3
bull (NH4)3PO4
bull CuSO4
bull Ba(ClO3)2
bull NH4Cl
bull PbCO3
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Writing formulas w polyatomics
bull Same rules as for binary compoundsbull Plus step 4 write parentheses around
polyatomic ion when more than one of that ion is needed
bull Example iron III nitratebull 1) iron (III) = Fe3+
bull 2) nitrate = NO3 1-
bull 3) You will need 3 (NO3) to make ox rsquos = zerobull 4) Subscript is written outside the ( ) otherwise
it would look like FeNO33
bull Fe(NO3)3
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
WHITEBOARD PRACTICE
bull Potassium chloratebull Ammonium chloridebull Sodium sulfatebull Magnesium chloratebull Lead (II) carbonatebull Chromium (III) phosphatebull Lithium nitratebull Calcium acetate
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20
Compounds with added water
bull Hydrate is a compound that has water chemically attached to its ions
bull CoCl26H2O Cobalt chloride hexahydrate
bull Hexa= 6 hydrate= H2Obull Ca(NO3)23H2O bull Mg3(PO4)24H20