chapter 20 guidelines for outdoor areas

POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory

Chapter 20 Chapter 20 GUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR AREASGUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR AREAS

2008. 9. 4. Thu.

Kim, Hee-jin


ContentsContents

Introduction Background Historical evolution of the accessibility movement Guidelines overview Proposed guidelines for outdoor developed areas Examples and ideas – UD in outdoor environment General lessons learned for UD Conclusions

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IntroductionIntroduction

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Natural area

land formations

topography

landscape


People love the outdoors! over 78% in US, (Teasley et al., 1998)

Outdoor recreation provides benefits to the selfPeople with mobility impairments also want it (Brown,

1999)

BackgroundBackground

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better mental health

personal development & growth

personal appreciation & satisfaction

Etc (social, cultural, economic, environmental )UD


Historical Evolution of the Accessibility Historical Evolution of the Accessibility MovementMovement

Consideration to people with disabilities the most recent! The American’s with Disabilities Act in US in 1990 The Disability Discrimination Act in Australia in 1992 The Disability Discrimination Act UK in 1995 The Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional

Impairments and The Assistance Benefit Act in Sweden in 1993

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The major problem

The lack of acceptance on the part of societies

facilities and areas that are not universally designed

or usable

people with disabilities hostility, indifference


The Universal Design ApproachThe Universal Design Approach

The Principles of Universal Design should be appliedThe Center for Universal Design(1997)

at North Carolina State University

Equitable Use Flexibility Use Simple and Intuitive Use Perceptible Information Tolerance for Error Low Physical Effort Size and Space for Approach and Use

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The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design

A pressing question Psychological barrier !


Guidelines OverviewGuidelines Overview

The development of guidelines or standards for universal usability of outdoor environments is still in the early stages in most countries

UK legally mandate(The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995) Canada Voluntary United States Access Board

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U.S. Proposed Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Area

In the U.S. the proposed guidelines for outdoor developed areas are in the rulemaking process

Final report was submitted to Access Board in July 1999 The proposed guidelines are currently in an extensive regulatory review

process

The provisions of the report include recommendations for campgrounds, picnic areas, beaches, and trails. By far, the most difficult task of this committee was to agree on standards for newly constructed or altered trails. Trails come in all shapes, sizes, and locations

They have proposes covering a diverse range of interests, which include: accessing primitive environments, providing challenge, enjoying the aesthetics of the outdoors, and simply for taking leisurely walks.

Developing a single standard to cover all trails was impossible!!!!!!

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1. Protect resource and environment

2. Preserve experience

3. Provide for equality of opportunity

4. Maximize accessibility

5. Be reasonable

6. Address safety

7. Be clear, simple, and understandable

8. Provide guidance

9. Be enforceable and measurable

10.Be consistent with ADA Accessibility

Guidelines(ADAAG)[U.S. built environment

standards(as much as possible)]

11.Be based on independent use by persons

with disabilities(Final Report, Regulatory

Negotiation Committee on Outdoor

Developed Areas, 1999)



Technical Provision in the United States

Outdoor Recreation Access Routes(ORAR)

• Picnic Areas• Camping Facilities• Trails

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An outdoor recreation access route is a path or walk for pedestrians that connects developed spaces and elements that support the primary activities offered within the recreational area

• tables, fire rings, grills, benches, trash containers

• the proposed guidelines require that 50% shall be accessible• of the 50% required to be accessible, a minimum of 40% shall be located along an ORAR as defined

Should be accessible Should be located along on ORAR

• All elements must be dispersed among available sites

• Surfaces around accessible elements must be firm

and stable

• Picnic tables must provide a minimum of one

accessible seating space[30 in wide, 19 in deep, and

27 in high(leg clearance)]. If the tabletop is over 24

linear ft, additional spaces are required

• Fire rings must provide a clear space of 48X48 in

around all usable portions of the fire ring. Fire surface

height must be a minimum of 9 in above the ground

• All cooking surfaces(grills) must be between 15 and

34 in above the ground/floor. All controls and

operating mechanisms must comply with current

ADAAG standards. The clear floor space requirements

identified for fire rings are also applicable to grills as

well as to wood stoves and fireplaces

• Benches, where provided and accessible, must

provide armrests that meet current ADAAG

standards. Bench seats shall be a minimum of 17 to

19 in above the ground to facilitate transfers.


General Lessons Learned for UDGeneral Lessons Learned for UD

All types of people derive benefits from outdoor recreationHistorically, few countries have focused on and given consideration

to the conceptThe seven Principles of Universal Design can be used when

approaching any type of development in the outdoors: Equitable Use Flexibility Use Simple and Intuitive Use Perceptible Information Tolerance for Error Low Physical Effort Size and Space for Approach and Use

The goal of universal design is to include the opportunity for a maximum number of people, regardless of ability, to participate in outdoor recreation activities.

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chapter 20 guidelines for outdoor areas

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