chapter 20 section 2 constitutional monarchy in england
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20Chapter 20Section 2Section 2Constitutional Constitutional
Monarchy in EnglandMonarchy in England
The Restoration and the The Restoration and the Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution
The reign of Charles II is called the The reign of Charles II is called the RestorationRestoration, , because of the restoration back to a monarchy and a because of the restoration back to a monarchy and a rebirth of English culturerebirth of English culture
{Charles continued Cromwell’s {Charles continued Cromwell’s overseas commercial overseas commercial policiespolicies,, which led to another war with the Dutchwhich led to another war with the Dutch} } England won New Amsterdam in North America and England won New Amsterdam in North America and renamed it New York renamed it New York
Charles II was cautious with Parliament, so much so Charles II was cautious with Parliament, so much so that he backed down on several policies he wanted that he backed down on several policies he wanted enforced if Parliament disagreed such as seeking enforced if Parliament disagreed such as seeking increased toleration to Catholicism and wanting to increased toleration to Catholicism and wanting to form an alliance between England and Franceform an alliance between England and France
Charles was cautious for good reason, his father was Charles was cautious for good reason, his father was executed and he was exiled because of Parliament executed and he was exiled because of Parliament
Scotland, Charles II silver 1/16 of a dollar. Now worth about $180.00
Political Parties DevelopPolitical Parties Develop
Charles II and his wife Catherine had no children. His Charles II and his wife Catherine had no children. His younger Catholic brother James was to succeed him. younger Catholic brother James was to succeed him.
{Two political parties formed when Parliament divided {Two political parties formed when Parliament divided over over the succession of a Catholic kingthe succession of a Catholic king}}
ToriesTories believed that James had a hereditary right to believed that James had a hereditary right to the thronethe throne
{{WhigsWhigs supported a strong Parliament and opposed a supported a strong Parliament and opposed a Catholic}Catholic} ruler like James ruler like James
When Charles II died in 1685, his Catholic brother When Charles II died in 1685, his Catholic brother James II took the throneJames II took the throne
King James II actually King James II actually had 15 children total had 15 children total between his two wives. between his two wives. His first wife, Lady Anne His first wife, Lady Anne Hyde, gave him 4 Hyde, gave him 4 daughters and 4 sons, daughters and 4 sons, none of which lived more none of which lived more than the age of 3. His than the age of 3. His second wife, Mary of second wife, Mary of Modena, gave him 5 Modena, gave him 5 daughters and 2 sons, daughters and 2 sons, one of which died at one one of which died at one month old. James’ only month old. James’ only surviving son became surviving son became the James Prince of the James Prince of Wales and lived to a ripe Wales and lived to a ripe old age of 78.old age of 78.
The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution James II like his father, Charles I, believed in an James II like his father, Charles I, believed in an
absolute monarchy, antagonizing both the Whigs and absolute monarchy, antagonizing both the Whigs and the Toriesthe Tories
James, concerned about his daughters Mary and James, concerned about his daughters Mary and Anne, who were both Protestant, inheriting the throne, Anne, who were both Protestant, inheriting the throne, remarried a Catholic woman and had a son who would remarried a Catholic woman and had a son who would inherit the throneinherit the throne
Both the Whigs and the Tories then asked James II to Both the Whigs and the Tories then asked James II to step down and invited his daughter Mary and her step down and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to replace her father on husband William of Orange to replace her father on the throne.the throne.
When they landed in England, James fled to France.When they landed in England, James fled to France. From that point on, the couple was known as William From that point on, the couple was known as William
III and Mary IIIII and Mary II This transfer of power was known as the Glorious This transfer of power was known as the Glorious
RevolutionRevolution
The Inauguration of King Charles III and Queen
Mary II
Changes in English GovernmentChanges in English Government
The English Civil war and the events that followed led The English Civil war and the events that followed led to changes in the governmentto changes in the government
Philosopher, Philosopher, {{Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes was an anarchist and was an anarchist and believed that people gave up their rights in exchange believed that people gave up their rights in exchange for order}for order}
Another philosopher, Another philosopher, {{John LockeJohn Locke, disagreed. He , disagreed. He believed believed people’s rights should be protected by a people’s rights should be protected by a governmentgovernment} } and that protecting those rights should and that protecting those rights should be the government’s reason for existingbe the government’s reason for existing
Thus a rulers claim to absolute power contradicted the Thus a rulers claim to absolute power contradicted the natural order because people could not willingly natural order because people could not willingly surrender their fundamental natural rightssurrender their fundamental natural rights
Thomas Hobbes John LockeJohn Locke
Habeas Corpus Act andHabeas Corpus Act andDeclaration of RightsDeclaration of Rights
Following the ideas of Locke, Parliament began to set Following the ideas of Locke, Parliament began to set up laws to prevent absolute ruleup laws to prevent absolute rule
In 1679, they set up the In 1679, they set up the Habeas Corpus ActHabeas Corpus Act to to protect individuals against unfair arrest and protect individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonmentimprisonment
They also formalized the Declaration of Rights and They also formalized the Declaration of Rights and called it the called it the English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights which declared which declared that Parliaments would choose the king and the king that Parliaments would choose the king and the king would have to consult with them on all decisions.would have to consult with them on all decisions.
The Bill of Rights also gave citizens the right to The Bill of Rights also gave citizens the right to petition the government for relief of injustice. Also no petition the government for relief of injustice. Also no citizen could be forced to face cruel and unusual citizen could be forced to face cruel and unusual punishment punishment
Toleration Act and Toleration Act and Act of SettlementAct of Settlement
In 1689, Parliament passed the Toleration Act. In 1689, Parliament passed the Toleration Act. It granted some religious freedoms to Protestants who It granted some religious freedoms to Protestants who
were not members of the Anglican Church. However were not members of the Anglican Church. However the Act did not extend to Catholics and Jewsthe Act did not extend to Catholics and Jews
In 1701, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to In 1701, Parliament passed the Act of Settlement to keep Catholics off the throne.keep Catholics off the throne.
The act stated that should William III die with no heir, The act stated that should William III die with no heir, Mary’s sister Anne would inherit the throneMary’s sister Anne would inherit the throne
Should Anne have no children, the throne would go to Should Anne have no children, the throne would go to another Protestant granddaughter of James I, Sophia another Protestant granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover of Hanover
Anne Sophia of Hanover
Parliamentary RuleParliamentary Rule By 1700, England was still a monarchy but Parliament By 1700, England was still a monarchy but Parliament
held most of the powerheld most of the power During this time two important government institutions During this time two important government institutions
developed, the cabinet and the office of the prime developed, the cabinet and the office of the prime ministerminister
The cabinet was a group of parliamentary leaders to be The cabinet was a group of parliamentary leaders to be the king’s officers of statethe king’s officers of state
In 1707 English and Scottish Parliament passed the Act In 1707 English and Scottish Parliament passed the Act of Union, which united the two kingdoms into one of Union, which united the two kingdoms into one kingdom known as Great Britain. kingdom known as Great Britain.
The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and the Scots The Scottish Parliament was dissolved and the Scots joined the English houses of Lords and Commonsjoined the English houses of Lords and Commons
The union proved to be beneficial for the economy and The union proved to be beneficial for the economy and tradetrade
Continued….Continued…. Queen Anne did succeed King William. She had 17 Queen Anne did succeed King William. She had 17
children but none survived herchildren but none survived her The granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover, The granddaughter of James I, Sophia of Hanover,
also had died. So her son George became King also had died. So her son George became King George I of Great Britain until he died in 1727George I of Great Britain until he died in 1727
Both George I and his son George II were born in Both George I and his son George II were born in Germany and were not accustomed to English rule Germany and were not accustomed to English rule and lawsand laws
George II relied heavily on his cabinet ministers, George II relied heavily on his cabinet ministers, especially Sir Robert Walpoleespecially Sir Robert Walpole
Walpole strengthened the economy and helped to Walpole strengthened the economy and helped to stabilize the British political scenestabilize the British political scene
Walpole is considered to be the first Walpole is considered to be the first prime ministerprime minister, or , or first ministerfirst minister
King George I King George II
Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy
From 1721 to 1742, led by Walpole, the Whigs From 1721 to 1742, led by Walpole, the Whigs controlled the House of Commonscontrolled the House of Commons
Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs {{the the prime minister was the real head of governmentprime minister was the real head of government in in a a limited constitutional monarchy}limited constitutional monarchy}
{In a limited constitutional monarchy, the monarchy remained as Britain's head of state but has to consult has to consult with Parliamentwith Parliament}
This system has changed very little since then and other countries who want to get out of a full monarchy have used the limited constitutional monarchy as an example
Review QuestionsReview Questions What did Charles do that led to another war with the What did Charles do that led to another war with the
Dutch?Dutch? What did the two political parties in Parliament What did the two political parties in Parliament
divided over?divided over? What did the Whigs support? What did the Whigs support? What did Thomas Hobbes believe that people gave What did Thomas Hobbes believe that people gave
up their rights in exchange for?up their rights in exchange for? John Locke, disagreed. He believed people’s rights John Locke, disagreed. He believed people’s rights
should be protected by who?should be protected by who? Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs Under the rule of the Hanoverian monarchs the who the who
was the real head of government in a limited was the real head of government in a limited constitutional monarchyconstitutional monarchy