chapter 20 section 2 the spanish-american war describe how americans reacted to the revolt in cuba....
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
• Describe how Americans reacted to the revolt in Cuba.
• Identify the reasons the United States declared war on Spain.
• Explain how the Spanish-American War led to the creation of an American overseas empire.
Objectives
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Terms and People
• reconcentration– the forced movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons
• José Martí– Cuban poet and advocate for Cuban independence
• William Randolph Hearst– newspaper owner who ran sensational stories about Cuba in the New York Journal
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Terms and People (continued)
• Emilio Aguinaldo– leader of Filipino rebels who helped the U.S. seize Manila and later fought the U.S. for Filipino independence
• protectorate– an independent country whose policies are controlled by an outside power
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
What were the causes and effects of the Spanish-American War?
At the close of the 18th century, America was drifting toward war.
The United States would emerge as a world power with interests around the globe.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Cuba lies 90 miles off the coast of Florida. It had been ruled by Spain since 1492.
200,000 Cubans died in camps due to lack of food and poor sanitation.
In 1895, Cubans rose up against
Spain’s harsh rule.
Spain forced many Cubans into
detention camps, a process called
reconcentration.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Many Americans were sympathetic to the Cuban rebels.
President Cleveland, and later President McKinley, tried to maintain neutrality.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Many Americans wanted to protect America’s $50 million investment in Cuba.
This investment included sugar and rice plantations, railroads, and iron mines.
When fighting broke out in Havana in 1898, President McKinley sent in the battleship Maine.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
On February 15, 1898, a great explosion sank the Maine, killing 260 Americans.
• War fever swept the United States.
• Most Americans blamed Spain.
On April 20, 1898, the U.S. declared war on Spain.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
The first great battle of the war took place in the Philippines, far from Cuba.
On May 1, the U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish squadron at Manila Bay.
Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo then helped U.S. troops seize Manila.
The U.S. controlled the Philippine Islands.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
The war’s focus next shifted to Cuba. Americans were ill-prepared but eager to fight.
On July 1, Theodore Roosevelt led his unit, the Rough Riders, on a charge up San Juan Hill.
San Juan Hill
Their victory was the most celebrated event of the war.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
The two fronts in the Spanish American War were on opposite sides of the world.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
In December 1898, Spain and the United States signed a peace treaty, ending the war.
U.S. ships trapped and destroyed the Spanish fleet in Cuba.
Spain surrendered Cuba to the United States.
Americans took control
of Puerto Rico, another
Spanish possession.
A series of U.S. victories led to the end of the war.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
1898 Peace Treaty
Granted Cuban independence.
Paid Spain $20 million.
Gave the U.S. Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the islands of Guam and Wake.
Spain The U.S.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Americans were divided over the treaty with Spain.
Against the Treaty For the Treaty
The Senate ratified the treaty of February 6, 1899.
The treaty gives the U.S. important bases. We have a
duty to spread democracy.
Taking colonies violates the right
to self-government and raises the risk
of war.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
The U.S. replaced Spain as the leading Caribbean power.
Cuba became a U.S. protectorate.
Cuba did not gain true independence.
In 1902, the Platt Amendment gave the U.S. power to intervene in Cuban affairs. One Cuban wrote that
Cuba was “as free as a dog on a leash.”
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
The U.S. faced different challenges in Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
Puerto Rico The Philippines
The Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Ricans limited rule.
Puerto Ricans became U.S. citizens in 1917.
Emilio Aguinaldo led a fight for independence, but was captured in 1901.
The U.S. remained in control until 1946.
Chapter 20 Section 2
The Spanish-American War
Section Review
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