chapter 20 static electricity part 1 · chapter 20 static electricity part 1 1. charging by...

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Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 Static Electricity Regents Chapter 20 Static vs. Current Electrically Neutral means....... Two Kinds of Electric Charge: Positive Negative Common particles of the atom Protons Electrons Amount of charge on a proton or neutron..... is called the elementary charge. symbolized with "e" Bottom of Physics Regents Reference Table page 1

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Page 1: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

Static Electricity ­ Regents Chapter 20Static vs. Current

Electrically Neutral means.......

Two Kinds of Electric Charge: Positive                 Negative 

Common particles of the atom Protons Electrons

Amount of charge on a proton or neutron..... is called the elementary charge.                                                     symbolized with "e"

Bottom of Physics Regents Reference Table page 1

Page 2: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

Objects become electrically charged due to the movement of .......... electrons

Two neutral objects can become electrically charged when......     1) they have different affinities for electrons

     2) and they move past each other while in "contact".

The material with a higher affinity for electrons will accept electrons from     the material with a lower affinity for electrons

Why not protons?????

This is called " charging by friction"

Affinity for electronsTriboelectric scale

LatexrubberPVC Paper Human HairWool Glass

loseselectronseasily

holdsontoelectrons

likeballoons

more affinityfor electrons

less affinityfor electrons

Page 3: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

Electric Charge is Conserved!What's conserved in physics????

system

Often stated as ....."Charge can neither be created nor destroyed"

The net charge of closed and isolated systems remains constant    ­ even when charge is transferred within the system!

Page 4: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

1. Charging by FrictionCharging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object with higher affinity for electrons to gain electrons from the other object. 

The object that has "lost" electrons now has a positive charge.

In the case of the balloon and hair: the balloon has a higher affinity for electrons and takes electrons from the hair. The balloon ends up negatively charged .

The hair, however, becomes positively charged.Although both the balloon and hair become charged, the system is still neutral.The balloon gains just as many electrons as the hair lost, so charge has not been created, just separated. This is an example of CONSERVATION OF CHARGE.

wool

round tubeHigh Affinity for e­

Low affinity for e­

When rubbed back and forth, the tube picks up electron from the fur

Page 5: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

clear Acetate strip

+++++

Electrical Grounding:

Occurs when an object is electrically connected to the Earth _(hence: grounding)

When a positively charged object is grounded,electrons move from the Earth to the object tocause it to be neutralized

electronsmove from the Earth, through the person to theobject

Page 6: Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 · Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1 1. Charging by Friction Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the object

Chapter 20 Static Electricity part 1

round 

tube

­­ ­­­ ­­­

­ ­­­

­­

Three methods of Static Electric Charging1. Friction

2. Conduction

3. Induction

round 

tube

­­ ­­­ ­­­

­ ­

­­

­­

clear Acetate strip

+

+++

+++

clear Acetate strip

+

+++

+++

Charging by friction between objects of different affinities, causes the objectwith higher affinity for electrons to gain electrons from the other object. 

The object that has "lost" electrons now has a positive charge.

In the case of the balloon and hair: the balloon has a higher affinity forelectrons and takes electrons from the hair. The balloon ends up negatively chargedThe hair, however, becomes positively charged.

Although both the balloon and hair become charged, the system is still neutral.The balloon gains just as many electrons as the hair lost, so charge has not been created, just separated. This is an example of CONSERVATION OF CHARGE.

When charge is shared by direct contact, both objects involved end upwith the same type of charge and repel each other.

When a negatively charged tube contacts a neutral pithball, some of thetube's excess electrons move to the pithball, a the pith ball moves away due to mutual repulsion of like charges

electrons move fromthe tube to the pithballvia conduction

Polarization: Polarization of an object (or even a molecule) occurs due        to the proximity of a nearby charge. This local separation of charge        causes attraction.

soda  can

round tube

­

­­

­ ­­­ ­

­­ ­­

­­ + 

+­­

can rollsdue to attraction

example of polarization

Induction of a charge occurs when anearby charge is used to "push" or "pull"charges off of or onto another object.

electron(neg) are "pushed" to the right

­ ­ ­

Now when someone touches the other side of the can....

round 

tube

­­ ­­­ ­­­

­ ­

­­

­­ ­ ­ ­

electron are    pushed off to them and down to     ground

Now the can will have a positive charge

+ + + + +

THIS

IS

CHARGING

BY 

INDUCTION