Chapter 21 Section 1 Roosevelt and ProgressivismChapter 21 Section 1 Roosevelt and Progressivism

What does “progressive” What does “progressive” mean?mean?

What does “progressive” What does “progressive” mean?mean?

Forward thinking people Forward thinking people who wanted to improve who wanted to improve

American life.American life.To make progress.To make progress.

Forward thinking people Forward thinking people who wanted to improve who wanted to improve

American life.American life.To make progress.To make progress.

Progressives Progressives (reformers)...(reformers)...

Many GroupsMany Groups Forward ThinkingForward Thinking

Inspired by Inspired by Religion & Religion & ScienceScience

Public Interest Should Public Interest Should Guide GovernmentGuide Government

What problems in the U.S. What problems in the U.S. needed reform in the late needed reform in the late

1800s?1800s?

What problems in the U.S. What problems in the U.S. needed reform in the late needed reform in the late

1800s?1800s?

Political CorruptionPolitical Corruption

Power of Big BusinessPower of Big Business

Conditions of American Conditions of American SocietySociety

Progressives wanted to Progressives wanted to change America:change America:

Progressives wanted to Progressives wanted to change America:change America:

Expand Democracy (political Expand Democracy (political reform)reform)

Create Economic ReformCreate Economic Reform

Promote Social ReformPromote Social Reform

Gilded Age Politics: Gilded Age Politics: 1870s-1890s1870s-1890s

Elections often closeElections often close

Highest voter turnout for Highest voter turnout for Presidential elections in US Presidential elections in US historyhistory

Neither party could keep Neither party could keep control of Congresscontrol of Congress

Political Concerns of Political Concerns of Americans during the Americans during the

Gilded Age:Gilded Age:Growing power of “special interest” Growing power of “special interest” groups (bankers, wealthy groups (bankers, wealthy industrialists- lobbyists).industrialists- lobbyists).

Political Corruption (bribery, voter Political Corruption (bribery, voter fraud)fraud)

Muckrakers:

Journalists who exposed corruption & problems of the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Some Important Reformers Some Important Reformers and Muckrakers:and Muckrakers:

Ida Tarbell

Trusts & Big Business. (Wrote a book about the Standard Oil Trust.)

Upton Sinclair (Meatpacking Industry)

Wrote The Jungle to expose the plight of immigrant workers but created an outrage over meat packing practices.

Jacob Riis (Tenement Slums). Wrote a book, “How the Other Half Lives”

John Dewey (Progressive Education Reform= democratic ideals, problem solving).

Lewis Hine (Child Labor).

Published photos and stories to show condition of children working.

Expanding Democracy:Expanding Democracy:

Ending the “Spoils System.”

Elected official giving out government jobs to loyal supporters (patronage).

Baltimore-Washington

Station, 1881.

Charles Guiteau assassinates Garfield, 1881

Washington, DC train station.

1883: Congress passes the 1883: Congress passes the Pendleton Civil Service ActPendleton Civil Service Act..

* * Civil Service Commission Created.Civil Service Commission Created.

* * Exams for government jobs (based Exams for government jobs (based on merit, not patronage).on merit, not patronage).

1883: Congress passes the 1883: Congress passes the Pendleton Civil Service ActPendleton Civil Service Act..

* * Civil Service Commission Created.Civil Service Commission Created.

* * Exams for government jobs (based Exams for government jobs (based on merit, not patronage).on merit, not patronage).

Political Reform at the State Political Reform at the State and National level:and National level:

The Will of the People...The Will of the People...PrimariesPrimaries (to pick Candidates)

InitiativeInitiative (voters propose laws)

ReferendumReferendum (people to vote a bill into law)

RecallRecall (voters can remove elected officials from office)

Robert LaFollette Robert LaFollette (Wisconsin Idea)(Wisconsin Idea)

Governor of Wisconsin.

First state-wide progressive plan for reforms.

Reforming City Governments:Reforming City Governments:

GRAFT: GRAFT: form of political corruption defined as an form of political corruption defined as an unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain. personal gain.

ExamplesExamples

1.1. Exchange a political donation for political favor.Exchange a political donation for political favor.

2.2. Skim money directly from government fundsSkim money directly from government funds

3.3. Commit acts like insider tradingCommit acts like insider trading

GRAFT: GRAFT: form of political corruption defined as an form of political corruption defined as an unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for unscrupulous use of a politician's authority for personal gain. personal gain.

ExamplesExamples

4. Politician buying land that he/she knows will soon 4. Politician buying land that he/she knows will soon be needed for government development.be needed for government development.

5. Bribery by another for personal gain (often difficult 5. Bribery by another for personal gain (often difficult to prove).to prove).

William “Boss” TweedWilliam “Boss” Tweed

Leader of the Leader of the Tammany Hall Tammany Hall “Tweed Ring.” “Tweed Ring.” Controlled politics Controlled politics and cheated New and cheated New York City out of York City out of millions.millions.

1860s & 1870’s1860s & 1870’s

Thomas Nast:Thomas Nast:

First real political cartoonist in US. Credited with getting Boss Tweed & cronies; the elephant and donkey as political symbols.

Thomas Nast:Thomas Nast:Also is credited for the familiar image we know as Santa Clause in the red suit (from the poem “T’was the Night Before Christmas”).

““The Brains” The Brains” that that achieved the achieved the Tammany Tammany Victory at Victory at the the Rochester Rochester Democratic Democratic Convention.Convention.

A Thomas Nast A Thomas Nast cartoon lampoons cartoon lampoons New York City New York City political boss political boss William Marcy William Marcy Tweed and his Tweed and his cronies as vultures. cronies as vultures.

““Wholesale” Wholesale” and Retail.”and Retail.”

(Who is the (Who is the bigger bigger thief?)thief?)

William TweedWilliam Tweed

After serving 1 year in jail, he was charged with other crimes, sued by NYC. Fled to Spain. Sent back to U.S. and sent to prison.

Died in Jail in 1878