Chapter 21Chapter 21Section 4Section 4

The Napoleonic The Napoleonic

EraEra

Napoleon as DictatorNapoleon as Dictator The period from 1799 to 1814 while Napoleon was The period from 1799 to 1814 while Napoleon was

dictator was called the Napoleonic Eradictator was called the Napoleonic Era The people accepted Napoleon as dictator because The people accepted Napoleon as dictator because

most craved stability, others were too afraid to protestmost craved stability, others were too afraid to protest He reorganized the government to give himself He reorganized the government to give himself

unlimited power.unlimited power. He had the power to appoint or dismiss any officials and He had the power to appoint or dismiss any officials and

to propose all new lawsto propose all new laws The only purpose his Consulate served was to approve The only purpose his Consulate served was to approve

or reject Napoleon’s decisionsor reject Napoleon’s decisions Napoleon put his new constitution to a vote in a Napoleon put his new constitution to a vote in a

procedure called a procedure called a {{plebiscite-plebiscite- people could only vote people could only vote yes or no and could make no suggestions}yes or no and could make no suggestions}

The French voters approved the constitutionThe French voters approved the constitution

Accomplishments in Accomplishments in GovernmentGovernment

{Under Napoleon’s government scholars {Under Napoleon’s government scholars organized all French law into a system called the organized all French law into a system called the Napoleonic Code}Napoleonic Code}

A central financial institution was formed as the A central financial institution was formed as the Bank of FranceBank of France

He created a system of furthering education in the He created a system of furthering education in the way of high schools, universities and trade schoolsway of high schools, universities and trade schools

{{In 1801 Napoleon came to an agreement with In 1801 Napoleon came to an agreement with the pope called the Concordat- it confirmed that the pope called the Concordat- it confirmed that most of France was Catholic but still allowed most of France was Catholic but still allowed religious freedomreligious freedom}}

Using skillful mediation Napoleon broke the Using skillful mediation Napoleon broke the alliance between France’s enemies and by 1802 alliance between France’s enemies and by 1802 Russia, Austria and Great Britain had either Russia, Austria and Great Britain had either deserted the alliance or had made peace with deserted the alliance or had made peace with France France

Napoleon in Europe Napoleon in Europe In 1804 the French people voted to make Napoleon their In 1804 the French people voted to make Napoleon their

emperor. emperor. The British felt that France threatened their territory so The British felt that France threatened their territory so

they went to war again with France they went to war again with France Austria, Russia and Sweden joined with Britain and Spain Austria, Russia and Sweden joined with Britain and Spain

sided with Francesided with France In 1805, Vice Admiral In 1805, Vice Admiral Horatio NelsonHoratio Nelson led a British fleet led a British fleet

that conquered a French/Spanish fleet, which saved that conquered a French/Spanish fleet, which saved Britain from invasionBritain from invasion

Napoleon in turn defeated the Russian and Austrian Napoleon in turn defeated the Russian and Austrian armies which led to the collapse of the war against Francearmies which led to the collapse of the war against France

Napoleon forced Austria and Prussia to sign another Napoleon forced Austria and Prussia to sign another treaty. Russia allied itself with France. He gained direct treaty. Russia allied itself with France. He gained direct control of the Netherlands and Spain. He also abolished control of the Netherlands and Spain. He also abolished the Holy Roman Empire and placed much of Italy under the Holy Roman Empire and placed much of Italy under his controlhis control

Napoleon crossing the Alps

on his way to take Italy

Increased NationalismIncreased Nationalism In all the lands he controlled, Napoleon enforced the In all the lands he controlled, Napoleon enforced the

Napoleonic Code and he abolished feudalismNapoleonic Code and he abolished feudalism The French unintentionally increased feelings of The French unintentionally increased feelings of

{{nationalism-nationalism- a love of one’s country rather than a love of one’s country rather than one’s native region}-one’s native region}- in the countries they conquered in the countries they conquered

This increased opposition to French rule in many of the This increased opposition to French rule in many of the conquered nationsconquered nations

Napoleon pushed too far when he invaded Portugal Napoleon pushed too far when he invaded Portugal (which relied on Britain for its economy) and Spain and (which relied on Britain for its economy) and Spain and overthrowing both their kings and placing his brother overthrowing both their kings and placing his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throneJoseph Bonaparte on the throne

Spain rebelled in 1808 and Britain sent an army led by Spain rebelled in 1808 and Britain sent an army led by the future the future Duke of WellingtonDuke of Wellington to aid Spain and to aid Spain and Portugal in their efforts Portugal in their efforts

The Peninsular War lasted from 1808-1814 until Spain The Peninsular War lasted from 1808-1814 until Spain evicted Joseph Bonaparte evicted Joseph Bonaparte

Duke of Wellington at the Peninsular War

Catastrophe in RussiaCatastrophe in Russia

Czar Alexander I of Russia opened up trade with Britain in Czar Alexander I of Russia opened up trade with Britain in 18121812

A very angry Napoleon decided to invade Russia A very angry Napoleon decided to invade Russia He recruited an army of 600,000 and in 1812 marched to He recruited an army of 600,000 and in 1812 marched to

RussiaRussia The Russian defenders slowly fell back deep into their own The Russian defenders slowly fell back deep into their own

country as they did so they executed a country as they did so they executed a {{scorched-earth scorched-earth policy-policy- burning or destroying crops and everything else burning or destroying crops and everything else the opposing army might need}.the opposing army might need}.

{The French did capture Moscow, but as soon as {The French did capture Moscow, but as soon as they entered the city the Russians burned the city they entered the city the Russians burned the city to the ground. So it wasn’t really a great victory to the ground. So it wasn’t really a great victory

With no shelter and winter coming, Napoleon was With no shelter and winter coming, Napoleon was forced to retreat on October 19, 1812}forced to retreat on October 19, 1812}

By the time he got back to Prussia he lost 2/3 of his armyBy the time he got back to Prussia he lost 2/3 of his army

Final DefeatFinal Defeat {The monarchs in western Europe took {The monarchs in western Europe took

advantage of Napoleon’s defeat in Russia}advantage of Napoleon’s defeat in Russia} Prussia, Austria and Great Britain joined Russia Prussia, Austria and Great Britain joined Russia

in a alliance against Francein a alliance against France Napoleon retreated into France until he was Napoleon retreated into France until he was

captured in Paris in March 1814captured in Paris in March 1814 {{They gave Napoleon a pension and retired him They gave Napoleon a pension and retired him

to the island of Elba off the west coast of Italyto the island of Elba off the west coast of Italy}} France was allowed to keep the boundaries of France was allowed to keep the boundaries of

1790 and they restored the Bourbon monarchy 1790 and they restored the Bourbon monarchy and put Louis XVIII the brother of Louis XVI on and put Louis XVIII the brother of Louis XVI on the throne the throne

France once again had a kingFrance once again had a king

ELBA =>

The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days Learning of the new monarchy, Napoleon escaped from Learning of the new monarchy, Napoleon escaped from

Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 He reclaimed the army that King Louis XVIII had sent He reclaimed the army that King Louis XVIII had sent

after him and marched on Paris on the 20after him and marched on Paris on the 20thth

{{Louis XVIII fled into exile and Napoleon once again Louis XVIII fled into exile and Napoleon once again ruled Franceruled France}}

Great Britain and their allied forces sent armies to Great Britain and their allied forces sent armies to France to stop Napoleon. France to stop Napoleon.

{On June 18, 1815 the armies collided at Waterloo where {On June 18, 1815 the armies collided at Waterloo where Napoleon met his defeat by the Napoleon met his defeat by the Duke of WellingtonDuke of Wellington}}

Napoleon asked to be sent to the U.S. but he was sent Napoleon asked to be sent to the U.S. but he was sent into exile to the remote island of St. Helena where he into exile to the remote island of St. Helena where he would live under constant guardwould live under constant guard

He died there in 1821He died there in 1821 The monarchs once again took powerThe monarchs once again took power

Review QuestionsReview Questions

What do you call the procedure whereWhat do you call the procedure where people people could only vote yes or no and could make no could only vote yes or no and could make no suggestions?suggestions?

Under Napoleon’s government scholars Under Napoleon’s government scholars organized all French law into a system, what organized all French law into a system, what was it called?was it called?

In 1801 Napoleon came to an agreement with In 1801 Napoleon came to an agreement with the pope called the Concordat- what did it do?the pope called the Concordat- what did it do?

What is nationalism?What is nationalism? This is theThis is the burning or destroying crops and burning or destroying crops and

everything else the opposing army might need.everything else the opposing army might need. Did the French capture Moscow?Did the French capture Moscow?