Chapter 21Chapter 21

The Rise of ProgressivismThe Rise of Progressivism

Varieties of ProgressivismVarieties of Progressivism

Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized Anti-Monopoly: the fear of centralized powerpower

Social Cohesion: individuals are not Social Cohesion: individuals are not autonomous but part of a great webautonomous but part of a great web

Knowledge: applying the principles of Knowledge: applying the principles of natural and social sciences to societynatural and social sciences to society

Modern Government: must play a Modern Government: must play a role to improve societyrole to improve society

SOCIAL REFORMERSSOCIAL REFORMERS

Jane Addams Jane Addams Pioneer in the field of social Pioneer in the field of social work who founded the settlement house work who founded the settlement house movement through the establishment of movement through the establishment of Hull HouseHull House in Chicago, Illinois. in Chicago, Illinois.

Margaret Sanger Margaret Sanger Educated urban poor Educated urban poor about the benefits of family planning about the benefits of family planning through birth control. She founded the through birth control. She founded the organization that became organization that became Planned Planned ParenthoodParenthood..

Cont.Cont.

Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington Former slave who Former slave who founded the founded the Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Institute that focused that focused on teaching African-Americans trade skills to on teaching African-Americans trade skills to earn a living and gain the trust of white earn a living and gain the trust of white society.society.

W.E.B. DuBois W.E.B. DuBois Founder of the Founder of the NAACPNAACP, and a , and a Harvard-educated professor who focused on Harvard-educated professor who focused on the need for a traditional liberal arts education the need for a traditional liberal arts education for African-Americans who could then insist for African-Americans who could then insist upon equal treatment and rights from white upon equal treatment and rights from white societysociety

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Crusading Crusading journalists who dug journalists who dug up things we did up things we did not want to seenot want to see

Investigated Investigated government, labor government, labor unions, etcunions, etc

Explored problems Explored problems in child labor, in child labor, prostitution, family, prostitution, family, immigrationimmigration

Social GospelSocial Gospel

Started in 1900Started in 1900 Christian welfare Christian welfare

organization with organization with military and military and ministry structureministry structure

Hull HouseHull House

Hull HouseHull House

Founded in Chicago by Jane Addams Founded in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889in 1889

Helped immigrant families in Helped immigrant families in language and customslanguage and customs

Led to the profession of Social Led to the profession of Social WorkersWorkers

Rise in ProfessionsRise in Professions

1901 – American Medical Association1901 – American Medical Association Women: Women:

– Social WorkersSocial Workers– NursingNursing– LibrariansLibrarians– Grammar School teachers – 90% of Grammar School teachers – 90% of

professional womenprofessional women

Women and ReformWomen and Reform

Technology innovations (Tin Can, Technology innovations (Tin Can, etc)etc)

Declining family sizeDeclining family size Rise in EducationRise in Education Shunned marriageShunned marriage ““Boston Marriage”Boston Marriage” Divorce rate goes upDivorce rate goes up

Women SuffrageWomen Suffrage

Women SuffrageWomen Suffrage

The fight for women to voteThe fight for women to vote Supported by both men and womenSupported by both men and women National American Women Suffrage National American Women Suffrage

AssociationAssociation– 1893 – 13,0001893 – 13,000– 1917 – 2 million1917 – 2 million– By 1919 – 39 states had granted women By 1919 – 39 states had granted women

the right to vote in state electionsthe right to vote in state elections

OpponentsOpponents

Threat to the natural orderThreat to the natural order Women were made mans helperWomen were made mans helper Man dominated societyMan dominated society Suffrage would lead to Suffrage would lead to

– PromiscuityPromiscuity– LoosenessLooseness– Neglect of childrenNeglect of children

THE ASSAULT ON THE THE ASSAULT ON THE PARTIESPARTIES

Secret BallotSecret Ballot– Between 1880 – 1890 states adopted Between 1880 – 1890 states adopted

secret ballotssecret ballots Australian BallotAustralian Ballot

– Printed at government expensePrinted at government expense– Distributed at the pollsDistributed at the polls– Listed all candidatesListed all candidates– SecretSecret

Municipal ReformMunicipal Reform

Commissioner PlanCommissioner Plan– Galveston Texas 1900Galveston Texas 1900– Mayor and city council replaced by an Mayor and city council replaced by an

elected nonpartisan commissionelected nonpartisan commission

City-Manager Plan City-Manager Plan – Elected officials hire an outside expertElected officials hire an outside expert

State ReformState Reform

Most in the mid west (Wisconsin)Most in the mid west (Wisconsin)– Initiative: going around the legislature Initiative: going around the legislature

and submit new legislation to the voterand submit new legislation to the voter– Referendum: legislatures could submit Referendum: legislatures could submit

actions to the votersactions to the voters– Direct Primary: give people the ability to Direct Primary: give people the ability to

pick candidatespick candidates– Recall: ability for the voter to remove a Recall: ability for the voter to remove a

public official from officepublic official from office

CRUSASES FOR ORDER AND CRUSASES FOR ORDER AND REFORMREFORM

Temperance MovementTemperance Movement– Women’s Christian Temperance UnionWomen’s Christian Temperance Union

Largest women’s organization in American Largest women’s organization in American history – 1911history – 1911

– Anti Saloon leagueAnti Saloon league– 1818thth Amend – Jan 1920 – prohibited sale, Amend – Jan 1920 – prohibited sale,

manufacture, distribution of alcohol in manufacture, distribution of alcohol in USUS

SocialismSocialism

Agreed on the need for basic Agreed on the need for basic structural changes in the economystructural changes in the economy

Industrial Workers of the World Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)(IWW)– Known as WobbliesKnown as Wobblies– A single union for all workers and A single union for all workers and

abolition of the “wage slave” systemabolition of the “wage slave” system

Progressive Era Progressive Era AmendmentsAmendments

16th16th (1913)Granted Congress the (1913)Granted Congress the power to tax income.power to tax income.

17th17th (1913)Provided for the direct (1913)Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators.election of U.S. Senators.

18th18th (1919)Prohibited making, (1919)Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol.selling, or transporting alcohol.

19th19th (1920)Provided women (1920)Provided women suffrage (voting).suffrage (voting).