Chapter 22 Water Pollution - Lilies

Point Vs. Nonpoint

• Point source pollution

• Nonpoint source pollution

Point Vs Non-Point

Types of Water Pollution

8 types of pollutants1. Sediment2. Thermal Pollutants3. Algal and inorganic plant nutrients4. Disease causing agents5. Sewage6. Organic compounds7. Inorganic compounds8. Radioactive substances

Sedimentation

Sedimentation

Sediment Pollution

High sediment load

Water Born DiseasesProtozoan: Amoebiasis, Cryptosporidia, GiardiaParasitic: Schistosomiasis (snail) & Dracunculiasis (Guniea Worm)Bacterial: Cholera, Botulism, E. Coli, Typhoid, Diarrhea

Cholera •Acute watery diarrhea that can lead to death by severe dehydration and kidney failure. •Two hours to five days - incubation•Explosive outbreaks•75% asymptomatic but Pathogens in feces for 7 to 14 days.•Unlike other diarrheal diseases, it can kill healthy adults within hours. •Original reservoir was the Ganges •Six pandemics were recorded that killed millions of people across Europe, Africa and the Americas.

Giardia - diarrhea

Guinea Worm

Guinea Worm• 3 foot long parasitic worm

•Water flea carries larvae of the Guinea worm

•Immature worms pierce the intestinal wall, grow to adulthood, and mate. Males die, females make their way most often to the lower limbs.

•The worms cause swelling and painful, burning blisters. Sufferers tend to go into the water for relief, where the blisters burst freeing thousands of young larvae who find water fleas.

Escherichia ColiThe cattle spread E. coli 0157:H7 by defecating and drooling in sharedwater troughs.

In June of 1998, Georgia health officials were notified that a number of children had become ill with E. coli O157:H7 infections and were hospitalized in Atlanta-area hospitals. Public health investigators interviewed victims’ families and learned that all had become ill after visiting the White Water Water Park.

BOD

Effect of sewage on dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand- River

Dead Zone

Inorganic Plant and Algal Nutrients

The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico

Dead Zone

2008 - 8K/Sq. Miles2009 – 3K/Sq. Miles

Dead Zone

Types of Water Pollution

Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem

Oligotrophic lake

Types of Water Pollution

Eutrophication: An Enrichment Problem

Eutrophic lake

Persistent Organic Pollutants

Dioxins - Formed during combustion of trash, forest fires, and some industrial processes such as paper pulp bleaching and herbicide manufacturing. “dirty dozen” – carcinogenic - Stockholm Convention

PCB’s - Polychlorinated biphenyls – used in the making of transformers, capacitors, and coolants (Production banned 1970’s)

Between 1947 and 1977 General Electric released 1,300,000 pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River. The PCBs came from the company's two capacitor manufacturing plants. “dirty dozen”

Saturday December 6th 2008 a number of Irish news sources reported that testing had revealed "extremely high” levels of PCBs in pork products, ranging from 80 to 200 times the EU's upper safe limit of 0.12 to 0.3 parts per billion. In 1986 the breast milk of healthy nursing mothers in the US contained between 1020 to 1770 ppb of PCBs.

BPA - Bisphenol A or BPA, is a monomer used in the making of plastics (think nalgene). (Drink Containers) Hormone mimicry – estrogen.

InorganicsInorganic Chemicals• Lead• Mercury

http://www.gotmercury.org/

Cuyahoga RiverThe pollution of our waterways became a national issue in June of 1969, the day that the Cuyahoga River, flowing through Cleveland, Ohio, on its way to Lake Erie, caught on fire because it was so polluted.

The Clean Water Act 1972

Safe Drinking Water Act 1974