chapter 22.3 rise of modern japan
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411 Key ideas: Essential Question: Isolationism and Japan Treaty of Kanagawa Meiji Restoration Change in Japan Essential Question: How did Imperialism impact Japanese isolationism?TRANSCRIPT
RISE OF MODERN JAPANChapter 22.3
411 Key ideas:
Isolationism and Japan Treaty of Kanagawa
Meiji Restoration Change in Japan
Essential Question: How did Imperialism impact Japanese
isolationism?
AN END TO ISOLATION 1800 – Japanese Tokugawa (military
power) shogunates have ruled in Japan for 200 years.
Kept out foreign trade and missionaries Isolated the country from contact with
outside world Formal relations only with Korea Informal trading was with Dutch and
Chinese merchants at Nagasaki.
FOREIGN POWERS APPROACH JAPAN 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. American fleet of four warships arrive in Edo
Bay Sought “to bring a singular and isolated people
into the family of civilized nations.” Brings letter from President Millard Fillmore
Asks for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked in Japanese waters
Requests the opening of foreign relations between the U.S. and Japan
COMMANDAR PERRY AT EDO BAY
PERRY RETURNS FOR ANSWER Six months later Perry returns with a
larger fleet for his answer Some Japanese said contact would hurt
Japan Others wanted concessions (political
compromises) Under military pressure, Japan agrees
to the Treaty of Kanagawa
TREATY OF KANAGAWA Provides for the return of shipwrecked
American sailors Opening up of two ports to Western
traders Establishment of a U.S. consulate in
Japan 1858 – U.S. Consul Townsend Harris
signs a more detailed treaty Opens up more ports to U.S. trade Exchange of ministers
RESISTANCE TO THE NEW ORDER Resistance of new relations with foreign
countries was very strong among the samurai warriors
Japanese fire on Western ships in the Strait of Shimonoseki
Westerners fire back and destroy the Choshu fortifications
Samurai sees need to strengthen their military
SHOGUNATE SYSTEM COLLAPSES The Sat-Cho leaders demand the
Shogun resign and restore power of the emperor
The Sat-Cho armies attack the Shogun’s palace in Kyoto in January of 1868
A few weeks later, the shogun’s forces collapsed, ending the shogunate system.
THE MEIJI (MAY-JEE) RESTORATION Policy of reform begins as Japanese
leaders realize they must change to survive
Emperor Mutsuhito calls new reign the Meiji “Enlightened Rule” Capital moved to Edo (present day Tokyo)
JAPANESE POLITICS TRANSFORM The Meiji leaders set out to create a
modern political system based on the Western model and to abolish the old order.
In theory the emperor had all executive authority. Real executive authority rested in the hands of a prime minister and his cabinet of ministers.
MEIJI ECONOMICS Meiji leaders also set up a new system of
land ownership. A land reform program made the traditional
lands of the daimyo into the private property of the peasants.
Daimyos, in exchange would get government bonds.
A burdensome tax was set on the landowners – 3% value of the land was the tax
MEIJI ECONOMICS, CONT The government gave -
subsidies to needy industries provided training and foreign advisers Improved transportation and
communications Started a new educational system that
stressed applied science By 1900, Japan’s industrial sector was
growing
SOCIAL STRUCTURE Meiji’s model was “strengthen the army”
so they worked to improve the military 1871 – all Japanese men served for three
years The American model of education was
adapted – elementary schools, secondary schools and universities
Emphasis still placed on loyalty to the family, community and emperor
WESTERN IDEAS INCORPORATED Women could receive an education Economy shifts from agricultural to
industrial base New social relationships are established Western fashions become the rage in
elite circles Ballroom dancing and baseball
DOWNFALLS OF CHANGE Commoners ere exploited in coal mines
and textile mills Some worked 20 hours/day Conditions horrible Worked in harsh temperatures If workers tried to escape, they were
shot
SEE PAGE 700Meiji Restoration: Birth of Modern Japan
Politics Imperial rule reestablishedCapital moved to EdoMost power in executive branch(emperor, prime minister, cabinet)
Economics Daimyo’s lands given to peasantsMany farmers, unable to pay new land tax, forced into tenancy
Industrialization encouragedSocial Structure New imperial army created
Universal system of education developed
Western practices adopted
JOINING THE IMPERIALIST NATIONS 1874– Japan starts to expand
Ryukyu Islands 1876 – forces Korea to open ports 1894 – China and Japan go to war over
Korea Japan’s ships destroy the Chinese fleet and
seize the Manchurian city of Port Arthur Treaty - Manchu rules of China recognize
independence of Korea Japan get Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula
Strained relations with Russia over Korea leads to war with Russia
1904 – Japan launches a surprise attack on the Russian naval base at Port Arthur
1905 - Russians agree to peace Japan get Liaodong Peninsula again Japan gets island north of Japan -
Sakhalin
U.S. RELATIONS WITH JAPAN Japan established a sphere of influence in
Korea (see map page 702) 1905 – U.S. recognizes Japan in Korea, in turn,
Japan recognizes the U.S. in the Philippines 1910 – Japan annexes Korea Suspicions grow between two countries President Roosevelt makes a “gentleman’s
agreement” with Japan that stops Japanese immigration to the U.S.
JAPANESE CULTURE Western literature penetrates Japan Novels take on French style of realism Japanese copied Western artistic
techniques and styles Some incorporated Western styles with
traditional Japanese art Japanese styles become fashionable in
Europe