chapter 23
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Chapter 23. The Atmosphere, Climate, and Global Warming. The Atmosphere. The thin layer of glass that envelops the Earth Chemical reactions Atmospheric circulation produces weather and climates. Climate. Climate: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 23
The Atmosphere, Climate, and Global Warming
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The Atmosphere
• The thin layer of glass that envelops the Earth
• Chemical reactions
• Atmospheric circulation produces weather and climates
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Climate
• Climate: – the representative or characteristic atmospheric
conditions for a region on Earth
• Microclimate– The climate of a very small local area
• Urban Dust Dome– Polluted urban air produced by the combination of
lingering air and abundance of particulates and other pollutants in the urban air mass
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Climatic Change
• Major climatic changes have occurred during the past 2 million years
• Appearances and retreats of glaciers
• During the past 100 years, the mean global annual temperature ahs increased by .5 degrees Celsius
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Global Warming
• A natural or human induced increase in the average global temperature of the atmosphere near the earth’s surface
• 4 factors– Amount of sunlight Earth receives– Amount of sunlight Earth reflects– Retention of heat by atmosphere– Evaporation and condensation of water vapor
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Electromagnetic Radiation and Earth’s Energy Balance
• Electromagnetic spectrum– The collection of all possible wavelengths of
electromagnetic energy, considered a continuous range
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The Greenhouse Effect
• Greenhouse Effect– The process of trapping heat in the atmosphere– Water vapor and several other gases warm the
Earth’s atmosphere because they absorb and emit radiation
• Greenhouse Gasses– Gasses that have a greenhouse effect– Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs
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Global Warming
• Negative and Positive feedback cycles affect the atmosphere
• Increase in emission of greenhouse gasses
• Solar Forcing, Natural Cycles, Aerosols (global dimming), Volcanic Eruptions, El Nino
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Effects of Global Warming
• Changes in climatic patterns
• Rise in sea level
• Changes in biosphere
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Adjustments to Global Warming
• Mitigate warming through reduction of greenhouse gasses
• Energy conservation
• Alternative energy sources
• Danger: rapid climatic change
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