chapter 23: labor law. industrial relations spring econ 4490 blaw 4490 mgt 4490 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 23: Labor LawChapter 23: Labor Law
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• Industrial Relations Spring
• Econ 4490
• Blaw 4490
• Mgt 4490
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What is a unionWhat is a union
• A union -group of workers who choose representatives (a union) to negotiate with the employer about wages, work hours, benefits, workplace health and safety, and other work-related issues which is contained in the collective bargaining agreement and applies to all employees who are in a union.
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What is a CBAWhat is a CBA
• CBA – Contract between the employees represented by the union and the employer
• Examples – NFL, NHL, NFL Referees Association
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–Under the US Constitution Supremacy Clause, FEDERAL law takes precedence over state law or local ordinances
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Hierarchy of a Union
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Union Heirarchy – like big companiesUnion Heirarchy – like big companies
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International officeInternational office
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Make up of a Union - Make up of a Union -
–Local 1853 represents workers a GM Spring Hill – 6200 members and 520 retirees
– Local 1929 also represents 52 child care workers at the UAW-DaimlerChrysler Child Development Center located near the plant.
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Typical Local Office Typical Local Office
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•Labor Laws
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NLRANLRA
• Private-sector employers and their employees.
Employers who affect:
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National Labor Relations ActNational Labor Relations Act• Section 7 of the NLRA protects all the
following:
• a. the right to form/join a union
• b. the right to negotiate a cba
c. the right to engage in concerted activities for mutual aid and protection
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NLRA
3 significant objectives:
1.Allowed employees to vote to be represented by a union
2. protect union discrimination and rights
3. Created the NLRB to enforce the law
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NLRANLRA
• The right to engage in concerted activities for mutual aid and protection
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NLRA Section 7NLRA Section 7
• What does “concerted activity” mean
• Who is covered under “concerted activity”
• Engaged "in” or “with the authority or behalf of”
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• FACTS-
• A construction contractor fired five employees after several of them appeared in a YouTube video complaining of hazardous working conditions.
• 1. What law• 2. Where file
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Examples Section 7 rights: Examples Section 7 rights:
© 2008 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.3–18
An employee speaking to an employer on behalf of a group of co workers about improving workplace conditions
A medical technologist at the center was fired for discussing bonuses with other employees.
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Real Case- Section 7 rights: Real Case- Section 7 rights:
FACTS – Employee posted on FB: "They [the employer] are full of !@@ ... They seem to be staying away from me, you know I don't bite my [tongue] anymore, [@!@!]...FIRE ME. ...Make my day... .“
No other current employees participated in this portion of the conversation.
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ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT
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Union Law and CasesUnion Law and Cases
• Very unique – does not start in court even though a federal law
• Goes to NLRB
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© 2011 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.3–22
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Like a court system
Main office – Washington DC
50 offices
ALJ to hear cases
Closest Office in Nashville
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The Decision to Form or Select a UnionThe Decision to Form or Select a Union
• Preliminary Organizing.– To see if support for a union– Several meetings
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• Who gets to vote for union
• Who gets to be in the union?
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Employees Employees
1. Employees Not in Union – Supervisors/Managers
– Confidential Employees
– Plant guards
– Independent contractors
– Individuals covered by the Railway Labor Act/ Airlines
– Public-sector employees
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Who is a Supervisor Who is a Supervisor
• Section 2(11) test : Can they hire, fire, assign work, direct the workforce, discipline
• independent judgment NOT just make recommendations.
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In Common!!!!In Common!!!!
2. Must have a COMMUNITY OF INTEREST:
•1. Job similarity
•2. Geographically
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Bargaining UnitBargaining Unit
• Look at job – not person
• For example, if Wilma retires, and her former position as machinist is then filled by Sam, the bargaining unit does not change—only the people.
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• Under the NLRA a union can be representative
• 1. NRLB conducted secret ballot election; or
• 2. by voluntary recognition by company – where the union presents authorization cards showing majority of the employees in the proposed bargaining unit want the union to be their exclusive bargaining representative.
• VW Plant
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Voluntary RecognitionVoluntary Recognition• A union that has over 50% signed
authorization card can be recognized as the employees representative by card check if employer allows.
• An employer can refuse to accept the results of a card check election and require a secret ballot election.
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Filing the petition for electionFiling the petition for election
Then union takes cards to NLRB in Nashville and “petition” for an election.
What percent? – over 30 percent
An elections is held somewhere between the next 30 to 60 days.
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• Petition filed – 60 days until election
• Both sides campaign for or against– If break law campaigning - call ULP– ULP – file with
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CAMPAIGNCAMPAIGN
• If either side violates NLRA during campaign, it is an ULP which is filed with the National Labor Relations Board
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CampaignCampaign
• Employer tells union they cannot hand out brochures during lunch but let employees hand out brochures regarding cancer.
• Legal?
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Examples of Employers ViolationsExamples of Employers Violations
Threatening employees with loss of jobs or benefits if they should join or vote for a union.
Spying on union gatherings, or pretending to spy.
Handing out “pro employer” cups to see who takes them
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•DISCRIMINATION
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Employer cannot discriminateEmployer cannot discriminate
Employer cannot1.Discriminate, in hiring, firing or in employment with regard to membership in a union or pro or anti union.
2.Where go to file discrimination?
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Examples of ULPExamples of ULP
• Discharging employees because they urged other employees to join a union.
• Writing up employees who support a union
• Denying promotions because employee supports a union.
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Election DayElection Day
• Laboratory Conditions – during the election, no campaigning
• NLRB representative watches• Company and union get one
person to watch
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ElectionElection
What percentage to win? Over 50%
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If Union voted inIf Union voted in
• Union employees elect the Bargaining Committee (Executive Board)
• So they can negotiate CBA
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Collective BargainingCollective Bargaining
• CBA -
• Process - terms and conditions of employment..
Must negotiate in good faith, but the law does not require that they reach an agreement.
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BargainingBargaining
• If both sides cannot agree – Impasse
• Employer – NHL, NFL
• Union -
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Strikes and LockoutsStrikes and Lockouts
• Impasse –
• Union strikes OR
• Employer locks out employees
• Employer can hire replacement workers (often called “scabs). Often times, the ER and U agree to bring back the “old” employees as part of the negotiations.
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LockoutsLockouts
• Occurs when the employer shuts down to prevent employees from working.
• When an employer believes a strike is imminent.
• NFL, NHL locked out by owners.
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Right to work lawRight to work law
• Right to work laws – do not have to join union if do not want to get the benefit of the CBA
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Decertification ElectionsDecertification Elections
• If employees do NOT want a union anymore, they file a decertification elections to end union
• Maybe they want a different union or none at all.
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