chapter 23 sawing with stationary power machines
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter23Sawing with Stationary Power Machines
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• Select stationary power saws for making straight or curved cuts.
• Discuss the proper operation of stationary power saws.
• Choose the most appropriate saw blade for a given operation.
• Maintain stationary power equipment.
Objectives
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• Fundamental operation in cabinetmaking• Machines designed to cut straight-line or curved-line
cuts• Select safest appropriate saw for cut
– Choose most efficient if more than one is appropriate
• Prior instruction, experience on machine
Sawing with Stationary Power Machines
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• Disconnect power when changing blades, servicing• Ensure blade is clean, sharp• Install, adjust point-of-operation guards• Support material before and after cut• Feed material into saw properly• Ensure dust collection is working
Safe and Efficient Operation
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• Machine operations affected by which hand is used• Some operations may be reversed• Others should be set up one way
Handedness
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• Standard operation in cabinetmaking• Blade selection critical• Machines with circular blades best option• Fences aid in guiding material for straight cut past
blade
Sawing Straight Lines
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• Left- or right-tilting arbor• Circular blade extends up
through table• Blade raising device• Tilting device
Tilting-Arbor Table Saw
SawStop LLC
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Guiding Material
• Rip fence• Miter gauge• Sliding table• Jigs, accessories
Laguna ToolsPatrick A. Molzahn
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• Protect user from blade, flying debris
• Mount to table or saw-trunnion
• Splitter• Anti-kickback pawls• Overhead guard• Riving knife
Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Blade Guard
SawStop LLC
Patrick A. Molzahn
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Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Setup
• Decide whether to use rip fence or miter gauge
• Set blade height• Square blade
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Setting Blade Height and Squaring Blade
Patrick A. Molzahn
Chuck Davis Cabinets
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• Ripping• Crosscutting• Beveling• Mitering• Resawing cutting dados
Operating the Table Saw
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• Ripping– Cutting lumber along grain– Set blade height– Measure from fence to tooth set toward fence– Ensure blade guard, riving knife or splitter in place– Stock must have one flat face, one straight edge– Stand to one side of blade
Ripping Lumber on the Table Saw
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Ripping Plywood on the Table Saw
• Carbide-tipped blade• Set blade• Use guard and splitter• Set fence
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Carbide-tipped blade• Set blade height• Guide material with miter
gauge• Crosscutting duplicate parts
to length– Stop with miter gauge– Stop with rip fence
Crosscutting Lumber and Plywoodon the Table Saw
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Choose blade based on smoothness of cut required• Wood veneered panels require same steps as solid
lumber• Panel saws equipped with scoring blades,
preventing tearout
Sawing Nongrain Manufactured Products
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• Sawing with blade tilted• Joint making, shaping• Set saw tilt angle with tilt
scale, T-bevel, protractor, triangle
• Blade angled away from fence, miter gauge
Beveling
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Cutting angle using miter gauge
• Set blade square to table• Adjust miter gauge to
required angle• Prevent creeping
– Abrasive-covered wood auxiliary fence
Mitering
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Two or more pieces from one piece
• May require multiple passes• Keep same face against
fence• Side-mounted guard
Resawing
Chuck Davis Cabinets
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• Prone to kickback• Two methods
– Zero-clearance throat plate, push stick – Position strip on offcut side of blade, stop block
positioned before blade
Ripping Narrow Strips
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• Dado set• Stacked set of blades, cut grooves• Dados cut perpendicular to grain• Ploughs cut with grain
Cutting Dados, Ploughs
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• Table tilts• Most operations same as
tilting-arbor– Beveling is exception
Tilting Table Saw
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• Horizontal or vertical– Sliding table feeds material
into blade
• Beam saw– Cuts multiple sheets at one
time
• Scoring blades
Panel Saws
Patrick A. Molzahn
Casadei Busellato
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• Used to cut stock to length• Saw blade, blade guard,
motor above table, mounted on yoke
• Sized according to blade diameters
Radial Arm Saw
Delta International Machine Corp.
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• Change when dull or for different operation
• Remove guard• Secure motor• Use wrenches to hold arbor
or blade, loosen arbor nut• Install new blade
Changing Radial Arm Saw Blades
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• Wide range of adjustments– Elevation crank, arm, yoke, motor
• Only yoke moves during sawing– Locked for ripping
• Monitor adjustments frequently
Radial Arm Saw Setup
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• Lock arm, yoke pivot, bevel at 0
• Power off• Align blade• Back off blade, turn on• Pull saw across board, saw
back through kerf• Saw off, wait for blade to
stop completely
Radial Arm Saw Crosscutting
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Clamp stop to fence• Place workpiece against
stop, make cut• Attach stop to fence at
desired length for wide material
Crosscutting Multiple Parts
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Mitering– Rotate saw arm right or left to
proper angle
• Kerfing– Raise blade above table
• Beveling– Motor and blade assembly tilt
• Protect table
Other Radial Arm Saw Setups
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• Band saws– Large radius curves, large
components
• Scroll saws– Small radii, curves
• Relief cuts– Waste breaks loose– Less chance blade will twist,
break
Sawing Curved Lines
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• Continuous, thin blade travels around wheels – Blade guide– Guidepost
• Bottom wheel drives blade, top wheel can control blade tension, alignment
• Distance from blade to side frame is throat
Band Saw
Delta International Machinery Corp.
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• Plan sawing sequence– Cuts, workpiece to which side
• Check setup– Adjustments, guard, locking
devices– Set up saw guard– Check blade tension
Band Saw Operation
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Cutting radius depends on blade width, set
• Relief cuts where direction changes
• Do not push workpiece against side of blade
Curved-Line Cutting on Band Saw
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Requires guide• Adjust for drift • Miter gauge for cross cuts• Cut narrow strips on band saw
Straight-Line Cutting on Band Saw
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• Three sides of opening sawn• Alternatives to relief cuts
– Saw sides straight– Drill turn-around holes– Bore inside corners with radius bit
U-Shaped Cutting on Band Saw
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• Table or head tilts• Set angle with scale or T-bevel• Freehand or with guides
Beveling on Band Saw
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Band Sawing Multiple Parts to Size
• Stack, fasten workpieces together
• Make relief cuts• Saw along cutting line• Last two cuts should free
parts from waste• Use guide if necessary
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• Use auxiliary fence or pivot block– Set given distance away from
blade
• Mark thickness on board edge
• Cut in one pass• Allow for drift• Use push block last 3
Resawing on Band Saw
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Cuts small radius curves, interior openings
• Table can tilt• Blade held by two clamps,
moves up, down• Size based on throat depth
Scroll Saw
Delta International Machinery Corp.
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• Blades– Three or more teeth in contact with material
• TPI varies• Setup
– Adjust guidepost– Adjust speed
Scroll Saw Blades and Setup
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Scroll Saw Operation
• Outside cut– Beveling, scroll cuts
• Interior cut– Pocket cuts– Blade threaded through hole
in workpiece
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Blade choice based on sawing operation• Inspect blade frequently • Blade performance based on tooth design, chip load
– Chip load depends on number of teeth, size of gullet, speed of blade, rate of feed
– Chip load is factor for all blade types, styles
Selecting Blades
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• Blade diameter• Tooth design
– Hook angle– Cutting edge shape– Number of teeth
• Kerf width• Arbor hole size
Circular Blade Selection
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• Diameter– Defines tool size
• Hook angle– Angle between tooth face
and line from tooth tip to arbor
• Cutting edge– Tooth shape or grinds
Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
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• Number of teeth– More teeth, smoother cut– Determines performance in thin materials
• Kerf width– Larger diameter blades create larger kerfs
• Arbor hole– Larger on blades with larger diameter
Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
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• Other considerations– Gullet– Flat, hollow ground, or thin
rim blades– Expansion slots
Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)
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• Loop length• Blade width• Hardness• Tooth shapes, blade set• Blade material
Band Saw Blade Selection
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• Standard blades cut in one direction
• Width , TPI vary• Beveled teeth, alternate set• Standard length 5″
Scroll Saw Blade Selection
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• Keep sharp, free of rust and resin, teeth intact• Inspect blades frequently for cracks, warp, missing
teeth• Clean with solvents• Carbide-tipped blades need professional sharpening
Maintaining Saw Blades
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• Inspect• Clean• Adjust• Lubricate• Disconnect from power, lock out before servicing
Maintaining Power Saws
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• Ensure miter gauge slot and blade parallel• Check fence alignment• Adjust using dial indicator• Lubricate handwheels• Ensure belts tracking correctly• Keep motors free of sawdust• Keep table free of rust
Table Saw Maintenance
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Table Saw Maintenance
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Radial Arm Saw Maintenance
• Lubricate all moving parts• Check table and fence
alignments• Level table
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Ensure proper blade tension• Adjust blade tracking• Adjust spacing between
blade and side guide, thrust bearing
• Coil blade for storage
Band Saw Maintenance
Patrick A. Molzahn
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• Select proper blade guide and blade• Set proper tension• Check lubricating oil level
Scroll Saw Maintenance