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Chapter 23: The New Era

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Page 1: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

Chapter 23: The New Era

Page 2: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

1920s• The Era: A great divide existed with

regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African-American Americans, and immigrants

Page 3: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

The New Economy• Economic growth w/inequality, poverty• Causes of boom: WWI, technology,radio & film, theautomobile; & laissez faire gov.

Page 4: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Economy--Corporations• Assembly line production• Taylorism: Scientific Management• Mass advertising • “Welfare capitalism” first developed by

Henry Ford• The gov’t reduce corporate taxes, left

monopolies alone, and raised tariffs (Fordney-McCumber 1922)

Page 5: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Economy--Minorities• Women: pink collar jobs• African Americans: The Great Migration; Phillip Randolph formedThe Brotherhood ofSleeping Car Porters

Page 6: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Economy--Labor• American Plan/ “open shop”

• Blacks often hired as “scabs”• What happened to union membership

during 1920s?

Page 7: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Economy--Agriculture• Wartime prosperity gave way to hard times• Overproduction

• Proposed solution: parity (McNary-Haugen bill vetoed by Coolidge in 1928)

Page 8: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Consumerism-Buying goods for pleasure, often on installment-Fueled by marketing on the radio & newspapers

-The automobile stimulated other industries & had a great impact on geography, youth, women

-Gas & electric appliances

Page 9: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Mass Entertainment• More leisure time and disposable income• First talkie film The Jazz Singer in 1927• Radio wasinexpensive &created a common culture• Life, ReadersDigest, & The Saturday Evening Post

Page 10: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Women• limited work opportunities; 25% of

married women worked outside home

• Divorce rate doubled; birth control introduced by Margaret Sanger

Page 11: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Women• The flapper: they could drink, smoke, &

dance publically; go on unchaperoned dates; wear short skirts and bobbed hair

Page 12: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Women• Women’s rights: National Women’s

Party, League of Women Voters; ERA proposed• Sheppard-Towner Act established

prenatal healthcare programs

Page 13: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Celebrities• Charles Lindbergh (pilot); Babe Ruth

(baseball); movie stars; singers

Page 14: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Writers• The Lost Generation “debunkers”–Criticized materialism, conformity,

fundamentalism–F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis, H.L.

Mencken,Hemingway

Page 15: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

New Culture: Harlem Renaissance• A flourishing black culture in Harlem• Poets, playwrights, musicians

• Langston Hughes, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith

Page 16: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

Conflict of Cultures: Wets vs. Drys• Prohibition—18th amendment – lost support

of Progressives; gained support of rural areas and Protestants

• During 1920s, lacked enforcement and popular support

• Speakeasies, bootleggers• Organized crime- Al Capone• Repealed in 1933

Page 17: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

Conflict of Cultures: Anti-Immigration• Emergency Quota Act of 1921• National Origins Act of 1924

• Limited/banned immigrants into U.S. based on country of origin (particular discrimination against East Asians and Eastern Europeans)

Page 18: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

Conflict of Cultures: Racism• Rise of the KKK in north and south• Lynchings increased• Defacto segregation in northern cities• White gangs attacked blacks • Race riots

Page 19: Chapter 23: The New Era. 1920s The Era: A great divide existed with regard to developments in the economy, culture, and for women, African- American Americans,

Conflict of Cultures: Modernists vs. Fundamentalists

• The Fundamentals believed in a literal interpretation of Bible

• Billy Sunday• Aimee SimpleMcPherson

• Scopes “Monkey” Trial, 1927: ultimately, Scopes fined; Wm. Jennings Bryan (prosecutor) ridiculed


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