chapter 23 world war one part iii

8/14/2019 Chapter 23 World War One Part III

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Flander¶s Field (then)



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-RKQ0F5DH the most popular English poem of the Great War"



On the second dismal day of May, one death

in particular touched John McCrae. A close

friend, Lieutenant Alexis Helmer, was killed early

that morning when an enemy shell exploded at

this feet.John McCrae, doctor, could do nothing to

save him; but John McCrae, soldier and friend,

recited prayers as Helmer's remains were lowered

into the Flanders soil and the grave marked with

a wooden cross.



McCrae sat on the back of an

ambulance, writing within sight of the newgrave. Helmer's death inspired McCrae towrite In Flanders Fields, a poem that tothis day relays the images of war, loss,love, and renewal.

After he completed the poem, JohnMcCrae was back at work in the dressing

station. The war was to continue forthree more years - in Flanders fields andbeyond.



Flander¶s Field NowFlander¶s Field Now



A group of VAD Ambulance dr ivers with a Br itish Red

Cross St John's Ambulance at Lady Murray hospital,

Le Treport on the Channel Coast in France, 1916.



Ronald Morton, a r ifleman of the London Rifle Br igade,

stands with his parents outside Victor ia Station,

before setting off for France at the end of his

leave in June 1915.

All their faces betray what they were feel

ing at the t

ime.



The Last Year of the War

During 1917, the Allies had been defeated in their offensiveson the Western Front, and the Russians had withdrawn from

the war.

The Central Powers appeared to have the advantage.

The German military officialEr ich von Ludendorff decidedto take a military gamble.

In March 1918, the Germanslaunched a large offensive onthe Western Front and came towithin 50 miles of Paris.

The Germans were stoppedat the Second Battle of theMarne by French, Moroccan,and American troops andhundreds of tanks.



The Last Year of the War (cont.)

In 1918, the addition of more than onemillion Amer ican troops helped the Alliesbegin to advance toward Germany.

By the end of September, GeneralLudendorff told German leaders that the war was lost.

The Allies were not willing to negotiate

with the German go

vernment under Emperor William II.

Vintage US World War One MilitaryPoster by Charles Livingston Bull, 1917.

Join The Army Air Service. Be An American Eagle!

Hindenburg, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Ludendorff in January, 1917



Battles of the

Marne

Monuments



Put

Strength

in theFINAL

BLOW



NOWNOW

IS THE TIME.IS THE TIME.

Will YOU Answer

the call?



Video: US Arrives Just in time« (2:00)



The Last Year of the War (cont.)

The German people were angry andexhausted by the war. On November 9,William II left the country.

On November 11, the new Germangovernment signed an armistice with the

Allies that ended the war.

This photograph (above) was taken after reaching anagreement for the armistice that ended World War I. This

is Ferdinand Foch's own railway carriage and the location is inthe forest of Compiègne. Foch is second from the right.



The Peace Settlements (cont.)

President Woodrow Wilson outlined his ³14 Points´: open treaty negotiations,

reducing military strength,

and ensur ing self-determination, or the right of each people to have itsown nation.

League of Nations: Wilson proposed a new world order based ondemocracy and cooperation among nations. He suggested creating anassociation of nations to guarantee political independence for all countries.

United States Senator Henry CabotLodge opposed ratification of the Treaty

of Versailles.

Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of

the United States. Won the NobelPeace Prize for his efforts innegotiating peace after World War I.




The United States, Britain, and France (Big 3) mademost of the important decisions at the Paris PeaceConference.

Germany was not included. Russia was in a civil war and could not

attend, and Italy was not given a large role. Treaty of Versailles ± It was actually f ive

separate treaties with the defeated nations:Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, andTurkey.

The treaty declared that the Germans were

guilty of starting the war . It ordered Germany to pay reparations for all

damages suffered by the Allies.

Wilson returning from theVersailles Peace Conference,

1919.

Picture to left Mass demonstration in front of the Reichstag against the Treaty of VersaillesThe total cost of t hese reparations was assessed at $31.4 billion in1921 w hic h is roug hly equivalent to $385 billion in 2011, a sum t hat many economists at t he time, notably John Maynard Keynes, deemed

to be excessive and counterproductive and would have takenGermany until 1988 to pay.




Germany had to greatly reduce itsmilitary forces and return Alsaceand Lorraine to France.

Sections of eastern Germany became part of a new Polish state.

German land on both sides of the Rhinewas turned into a demilitar ized zone toprevent future aggression toward France.

Europe 1914

Before WWI

Europe After WWI



Before and After World War I




The peace treaty also broke up the OttomanEmpire.

In return for Arab support during the war, the Allies

had promised Arab states within the OttomanEmpire that they would be independent after thewar.

France and Britain changed their minds and tookover control of Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine.

Called them ³mandates´ not ³colonies´ The surrender of Jerusalem by the Ottomans to the Britishon 9 December 1917 following the Battle of Jerusalem

Emir Faisal's delegation at Versailles, dur ing the Par is PeaceConference of 1919.

Left to right: Rustum Haidar, Nuri as-Said, Prince Faisal, Captain Pisani(behind Faisal), T. E. Lawrence, Captain Hassan Khadri



Bolshevik forces marching

on Red Square.

Vladimir Leninleader of theBolsheviks.

The Bolsheviks were a small faction of aMarxist party.

They were led by V. I. Lenin and werededicated to a violent revolution to overthrowthe capitalist system.

On November 6, the Bolsheviksseized the Winter Palace, and theprovisional government collapsed.



'W orking people arise! ' The Russian Revolution

chapter 23 world war one part iii

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