chapter 24 & 25-solar system
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Survey of the Solar System
![Page 2: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric
![Page 3: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Planetary Orbits
Plu
toN
eptu
neUra
nus
Saturn
Jupi
terM
ars
Earth
VenusMercury
All planets in almost circular (elliptical) orbits around the
sun, in approx. the same plane
(ecliptic).
Sense of revolution: counter-clockwise
Sense of rotation: counter-clockwise (with exception of Venus, Uranus,
and Pluto)
Orbits generally inclined by no more than 3.4o
Exceptions:
Mercury (7o)
Pluto (17.2o)
(Distances and times reproduced to scale)
![Page 4: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/physical_science/physics/mechanics/orbit/perihelion_aphelion.html
![Page 5: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tipped over by more than 900
Mercury and Pluto: Unusually highly inclined orbits
Planetary Orbits and Rotation
![Page 6: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two Kinds of PlanetsPlanets of our solar system can be divided
into two very different kinds:
Terrestrial (earthlike) planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
![Page 7: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Size of Terrestrial Planets Compared to Jovian Planets
![Page 8: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Terrestrial PlanetsFour inner
planets of the solar system
Relatively small in size and mass (Earth is the
largest and most massive)
Rocky surface
Surface of Venus can not be seen directly from Earth because
of its dense cloud cover.
![Page 9: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Earth began forming ~ 4.6 bya
• For a few hundred million years Earth was very hot and constantly bombarded from space
• At this point there was no liquid water, life was impossible
• About 3,900,000,000 yrs ago, Earth was solidified enough and cool enough for liquid water
Early Earth
![Page 10: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Conditions on Early Earth
• Oldest rocks: 3.9 billion years old
• 1st atmosphere – N2, H2, CO and CO2 – no O2 or ozone, high UV radiation and winds (present oxygen is created by life)
• Faint Early Sun: perhaps 30 per cent less bright
• Transition to atmosphere containing oxygen between 3.5 – 1.5 billion years ago
![Page 11: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Jovian PlanetsMuch larger in mass
and size than terrestrial planets
Much lower average density
All have rings (not only Saturn!)
Mostly gas; no solid surface
![Page 12: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other objects in the solar systemH.W. pg 720 ques. 1-15
• Comets- are dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia.
• Halley’s Comet was discovered by Edmund Halley and it is seen every 75-76 years.
• Hale-Bopp comet- is the brightest comets man has seen. It was able to be seen in space for 18 months.
• A meteoroid- pieces of broken comets, when it burns up and enters Earth’s atmosphere it is than called a meteor, if it hits earth than it’s a meteorite.
• Asteroids are pieces of rock similar to the ones that formed planets. They lie between orbits of planets.
![Page 13: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Asteroid Belt
Plu
toN
eptu
neUra
nus
Saturn
Jupi
terM
ars
(Distances and times reproduced to scale)
Most asteroids orbit the sun in a
wide zone between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
![Page 15: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Sun
• The sun is the closet star to Earth and gives us energy and the ability to have life.
• Photosphere- referred to as the surface of the sun and is where light is given off by the sun. Temp= 6,000 K
• Above that is the Chromosphere and above that is the largest layer of the suns atmosphere called the corona.
• The corona can have temps of 2 million K.
![Page 17: Chapter 24 & 25-solar system](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052505/55507d19b4c905cc0f8b5588/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Sun
• A sunspot is a place on the sun that is cooler than surrounding areas. They are not permanent, the appear and disappear frequently.
• Solar prominences are huge, arching columns of gas that protrude from the surface of the sun.
• H.W. pg 752 ques. 1-19