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CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation

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Page 1: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation

Page 2: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cellsGlycogen particles in a liver cell section

Page 3: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

The enzyme Glycogen Phosphorylase- Catalyzes phosphorolysis – Cleavage of a bond by group

transfer to an oxygen atom of phosphate

- Glycogen phosphorylase removes glucose residues fromthe end of glycogen

- Acts only on a-14 linkages of a glycogen polymer

- The product is glucose 1-phosphate, which is convertedto glucose 6-phosphate

Page 4: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Figure 24.2: The glycogen phosphorylase removes single glucose units via cleavageof a-1,4 glycosidic bonds.

Page 5: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section
Page 6: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Metabolism of Glucose 1-Phosphate

Phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate

Phosphogluco-mutase

Phosphogluco-mutase

Phosphogluco-mutase

Page 7: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Hormones Regulate Glycogen Metabolism

- Insulin produced by b-cells of the pancreas in response to high blood glucose (the “fed” state)

- Insulin increases the rate of glucose transport into muscle andadipose tissue via the glucose transporter (GLUT 4)

- Glucagon is secreted by the a-cells of the pancreas in responseto low blood glucose (the fasting state)

- Glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation to restore blood glucose to steady-state levels

- Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal glands in response to sudden energy requirements (“fight or flight”)

Page 8: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Hormones Regulate Glycogen Metabolism

- Epinephrine and glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogento glucose 1-phosphate

Page 9: CHAPTER 24 Glycogen Degradation. Most glycogen is found in muscle and liver cells Glycogen particles in a liver cell section

Figure 24.11: Signal transduction pathway activates glycogen phosphorylase

Amplification viacyclic AMP


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