Chapter 25Alcohol

Lesson 1Alcohol Use: A High Risk Behavior

p. 550

Health Terms

•Ethanol•Fermentation•Intoxication

What is Alcohol?1.Ethanol

•A powerful drug•Made synthetically or•Naturally by fermentation

2.Fermentation of grains, fruits, and vegetables

•Beer•Wine•Liquo

3.Depressant•Slows the central nervous system

Alcohol and Teens

•1/2 of teens who die each year are a direct result of alcohol or other drugs•automobile crashes•Alcohol is involved in many unplanned pregnancies, STD’s, violence, suicides, and homicides.•Nearly 5 million problem drinkers are ages 14 to 17

Alcohol and Teens cont’d

•A High Risk Behavior:•Alcohol can have a negative effect on:•School work•Athletic performance•Friendships•Family relationships•Career goals

Why Young People Drink•To escape pressures or problems•To feel better•To deal with stress•To feel more confident socially•For excitement•Because their friends are drinking•Boredom•To get away with something against the rules•To fit in

Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use

1.Friends•Peer pressure•Difficult to say “NO”

•Especially when you want to fit in

2.Family•When teens see parents use alcohol to

relax or socialize, they will do the same

Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use cont’d

3.Advertising•Over $1 billion a year spent

•Young, attractive people•Party-like atmosphere•Often a healthful environment•Problem-free drinking•A warning that doesn’t really say anything about the risks

•By ninth grade most teens will have seen more ads for wine and beer than any other ad

•Message of successful, romantic, and problem-free relationships

•Sporting events sponsored by alcoholic beverages•College campus equipment (scoreboards) purchased by

alcohol companies•Articles of clothing with advertising

You and Your Decisions About Drinking

•Everyone has the right to feel loved and important.

•Alcohol doesn’t have to be a part of that sense of belonging.

•As you apply your decision-making skills, you will see that the negative far outweighs

the positive.

Chapter 25Alcohol

Lesson 2What Alcohol Does to the Body

p. 555

Health Terms

•Blood alcohol concentration•Designated driver•Fatty liver•Cirrhosis•Fetal alcohol syndrome

Short-Term Effects of Drinking

•Depends on several factors:

1.Amount of alcohol consumed2.Gender of person3.Size of person4.Amount of food in person’s stomach

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

I.BrainII.LiverIII.Blood vesselsIV.HeartV.KidneysVI.Stomach

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Brain•Alcohol reaches brain almost immediately

•Depress the activity of the brain•Slows the CNS (central nervous system)

•Thought processes are disorganized•Memory is disorganized•Concentration is dulled

•Decision making is badly affected

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Liver

•Changes alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy through the process called OXIDATION

•There is NO WAY to speed this process•Including a shower or coffee

•10 to 15 ml of alcohol are oxidized per hour•The rest of the alcohol continues to circulate

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Blood Vessels

•Dilate or widen•Causes increased blood flow•Especially to the skin•Creates a false sense of warmth•Causes rapid body heat loss – risk of hypothermia

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Heart•Increases heart rate

•Arrhythmias or•Abnormal heart beats

•Causes scar tissue build-up •in heart muscle

•Increased risk of heart attack•Increased risk of stroke

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Kidneys

•Alcohol affect the pituitary gland•Which in-turn affect the kidneys

•Kidneys produce more urine•A person often feels dehydrated the next day

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Stomach•Alcohol increases gastric juice•More alcohol, more gastric juices•Irritates stomach lining•Internal bleeding

•Food slows but DOES NOT eliminate alcohol absorption

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Driving Under the Influence•DUI

•Blood Alcohol Concentration or BAC• - first signs of impairment at 0.02 BAC• - VA law under 21 is 0.02• - VA law 21 and over is 0.08

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•BAC is affected by:•Gender•Weight•Metabolism•Amount of alcohol consumed•Food in person’s stomach•Time spend drinking•Time following last drink

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Drinking at any level:•Reduces ability to judge distance, speed, & turns•Reduces the ability to judge one’s capabilities and limitations•Increases risk taking•Slows reflexe•Adds to forgetfulness•Use turn signals•Reduces ability to concentrate

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Consequences of DUI

1.DEATH• not only to the drinker,

• but the nondrinker victim

•Each day 11 teens are killed & 350 are injured in alcohol related crashes.

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

2.Immediate confiscation of driver’s license

3.Arrest, trip to jail, court appearance, 4. & fine5.Possible suspension of driver’s license6.Possible mandatory jail sentence7.Cost of bail8.Higher insurance rates9.Possible lawsuits

Short-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Efforts to Reduce DUI•Laws•BAC of 0.08 or lower•Illegal to have an open alcohol container•Mandatory breath, blood, & urine test•Refusal to test is an automatic suspension of driver’s license•May go to jail immediately•Organizations – helpful in establishing laws•MADD•SADD•Designated Drivers (DD)•One who chooses to not drink so to safely drive others

Long-Term Effects of Drinking

I.Brain Damage

II.Chronic Liver Problems

III.Tolerance and Dependence

IV.The multiplier Effect

Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Brain Damage

•Decrease brain size•Destroy brain cells

•Loss of intellectual abilities•Memory

•Problem solving•Every day functions

Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Chronic Liver Problems

•The liver processes fats. With alcohol consumption, fats are blocked and build up

on the liver.•Thus the liver cannot function normally.

•Cirrhosis Liver failure•Hepatitis Death

Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•Tolerance & Dependence•Tolerance – the body gets used alcohol and need to drink more to produce the same effects

•Withdrawal – a range of symptoms that include jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweats, poor appetite, tremors, convulsions, hallucinations

•Dependence – the body develops a need for alcohol; marked by tolerance and withdrawal.

Long-Term Effects of Drinking cont’d

•The Multiplier Effect•A combination of alcohol and other drugs (illegal, OTC, or prescription) will alter the

way alcohol affects the body.•Unpredictable

•Accidental deaths

Alcohol and Pregnancy

•Fetal Alcohol Syndrome•FAS

•Alcohol consumed by a pregnant female goes from her blood directly to the fetus’ blood through the placenta and umbilical

cord

Alcohol and PregnancyFAS cont’d

•Low birth weight•Impaired speech•Cleft palate•General weakness•Slow body growth•Facial abnormalities•Poor condition

•Heart defects•Mental retardation•FAS is the leading cause of MR in USA•Poor attention span•Nervousness•Hyperactivity

Chapter 25Alcohol

Lesson 3Alcohol and Society p. 562

Health Terms

•Binge drinking•Alcohol poisoning•Alcoholism•Delirium tremens (DT’s)

Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

•Binge Drinking•Popular with some•High school students•College students•Takes the form of a social event or contest•Mistaken as no problem because drinking doesn’t occur every day

•Alcohol Poisoning•0.40 BAC•5 times the legal limit for driving•Interrupts the brains ability to control breathing•Can lead to death

Alcoholism

•Myth

•Alcoholism is just a passing state•Alcoholics are easily recognized

•**Alcoholics

•Fact

•Alcoholism is a disease•Many appear clean & orderly

•need help**

Alcoholism cont’d

•Traits of the Alcoholic•They are preoccupied with alcohol•Once they pick up a drink, they cannot promise or predict•What they say•How much they will drink•Cannot manage stress without alcohol•May have memory lapses with drinking•May have personality changes

Alcoholism cont’d

•Stages of Alcoholism•Stage one: abuse•Begins with social drinking•Often to relax or relieve stress/depression•Gradually drinking becomes necessary to manage stress•A physical & psychological dependency develops•The drinker may have short-term memory loss•The drinker makes excuses for his/her drinking behavior•Alcohol tolerance increases•Labeled a “problem drinker”

Alcoholism cont’d

•Stages of Alcoholism cont’d•Stage two: dependence•Gradually the person cannot stop drinking•The person is physically dependent on the drug•May drink alone and daily•Physical & mental problems become evident•More excuses are made for drinking•Drinker blames others •Defensive behavior is evident•Drinker denies or hides the problem•The body develops more tolerance•Drinking becomes central to the person’s life•Job/school performance decreases•Absenteeism increases

Alcoholism cont’d

•Stages of Alcoholism cont’d•Stage three: addiction•Drinking is more important than anything else in the person’s life•The problem cannot be denied•The problem cannot be controlled•There may be hallucinations•Alcohol becomes a constant companion•Malnutrition•The person has fallen apart physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially•The person now has reverse tolerance; less alcohol to cause drunkenness•DT’s if alcohol consumption is stopped

Alcoholism cont’d

•DT’s•Delirium Tremens

•Hot and cold flashes•Severe tremors•Nightmares•Hallucinations•Fear of people and animals

Alcoholism cont’d

•Alcoholism cannot be cured…•It can be treated.

•2/3 of alcoholics recover with proper treatment•Treatment goals is to control or stop alcohol intake•Support groups•AA or Alcohol Anonymous – for the alcoholic•Alateen – for the 12-20 year-old affected by an alcoholic•Al-Anon – for the person who are close to an alcoholic

Alcoholism cont’d

•Costs to the Family•3 million teen alcoholics•All stages of alcoholism plays a major role in the 4 leading causes of accidental death•Car crashes•Falls•Drownings•Burns•20-30% of suicides

Alcoholism cont’d

•Costs to the Family cont’d•Alcohol plays a major role•Domestic violence•Spousal & child abuse•Elderly abuse•Marital separation/divorce•Stressors & factors in troubled families•People who live with alcoholics are called codependents•They ignore their own needs and concentrate on the needs of the alcoholic•Often times damaging their own health

Alcoholism cont’d

•Costs to Society

•100,000 Americans die from alcohol •relates incidents:

••traffic crashes

•homicides•suicides

Alcoholism cont’d

•Costs to Society cont’d•Off the highway incidents•6 million nonfatal•15,000 fatalities•Industrial incidents•40% fatalities•47% injuries•Medical costs•$83 billion to drug abuse•$116 billion to alcohol abuse•Employer costs•Approximately $30 billion a year lost revenue

Choosing to Be Alcohol Free

•“I don’t need it”

•“I don’t have to drink to be popular”

•“I don’t need to drink to be accepted, to have fun, or to act in some way that I usually

wouldn’t”

Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d

•Saying NO to Alcohol•Takes a firm mental commitment•Practice what you are going to say•Keep the turn-down•Polite•Confident•To the point•Sometimes•Humorous•Creative

Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d

•Alcohol and Sexual Activity•Alcohol affects a person’s judgment and self control

•Interfere with emotions, decisions, and behavior•Person’s how are shy or socially uncomfortable may use alcohol as an “ice-breaker”•Find themselves in a situation they later regret•Engage in sexual activity

Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d

•Alcohol and Sexual Activity cont’d

•Extreme unhealthy behavior•HIV/AIDS•STD’s•Unplanned pregnancy•Ruined reputation•Date rape•Other violence

Choosing to Be Alcohol Free cont’d

•REMEMBER

•Making a decision to practice abstinence •from ALL risk behaviors is the best way to •avoid injury and illness and maintain good

•health.

Which Life to Choose?

A.Choose a life free of alcohol and other drugs…

A.To pursue goalsB.At a steady paceC.Be successful and healthy

B.Get side tracked and thrown off course all together with alcohol and drug use