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    Baroque - barroco (Portuguese): a large, irregularlyshaped pearl. Original use derogatory, implying heavy ornamentation

    Style in art and architecture devoted to furtheringthe aims of the Counter Reformation Focuses on how viewers emotionally experience a work

    of art

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    Old Saint Peters Basilica Saint Peters Basilica

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    Initial Plan Actual

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    Initial plan

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    A frame for the altar: ithelps create a focal point

    Cross-topped orb of theuniverse

    Ionic and Corinthiancolumn element

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    Renaissance Faade Baroque Faade

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    Giacomo della Porta, Il Ges,Rome

    Borromini, San Carlo alleQuattro Fontane

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    Increasingly elaborate and decorative effects instead ofclarity, balance and repetition (Renaissance).

    Departure from classical elements: broken pediment,curves alternate with straight lines, lack of proportion.

    Dramatic contrasts of light and dark (Illusionism,theatrical effects).

    Dynamism: feeling of movement (walls breathing in anout- alternation of concave- convex elements) .

    New motifs: oval cartouches, balustrades, sculptures, ovalwindows, colossal columns, concave niches

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    Michelangelos David,1501-1505 Berninis David, 1623

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    Elaborate and decorative effects (mixture of materials,architectural elements)

    Serpentine figures

    Dramatic contrasts of light and dark

    Visual extension beyond the sculpture into theonlookers space (outwards/ invisible complement).

    Diagonal structure suggests: Agitated action.

    Excitement and dramatic emphasis Sensuality

    Texture and vivid naturalism

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    To teach and inspire the faithful Truly religious art unlike the way themes were treated by

    Mannerist artists.

    Intelligible and realistic

    To provide an emotional stimulus to piety in the spirit ofthe Counter-Reformation

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    Michelangelo Merisi, called Caravaggio (1571-1610)

    Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652/53)

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    David Judith beheading Holofernes

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    Michelangelo Merisi, called Caravaggio (1571-1610)

    Radical naturalism Master of psychological drama in painting

    Light/dark used as dramatic element (tenebrism) Daily scenes and daily characters (prostitutes and low

    lives as models) Daily routine interrupted by a miracle. Straight religious message (unlike mannerism) but

    delivered in simple terms (daily routine, regular people) Concern with faith and its cost: conflict and violence Other themes: young men, still nature.

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    Caravaggio influenced many other artists of the 17thcentury, particularly Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652/53)

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    Caravaggio Gentileschi

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    Dramatic use of Caravaggesque tenebrism

    Space of the drama much large than the space of theframe

    Heroic female a popular subject for Gentileschi; also anice way to exploit current taste for female figures

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    Ceiling painting for the Church of SantIgnazio, byAndrea dal Pozzo (1642-1709)

    Depicts Ignatius Loyola, founder of Jesuit order,transported to the presence of the waiting Christ in

    the center.

    Dramatic appeal to senses, illusionism.


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