Chapter 25 Section 1

Chapter 25 ObjectiveDoes American security depend upon the survival of it’s allies

25.1 How important was the homefront during WWII?

I America Joins the War Effort• Enlistment in Armed

Forces skyrocket after PH

• Still not enough to fight on both fronts– Pacific = Japanese– Europe= Germany &

Italy• Sel. Serv. Institutes draft• GI (gov’t issued)=

soldiers

B) Women in the Military• Women’s Auxiliary

Army Corps– Perform tasks done by

men for less pay and restricted in rank & benefits men had

• Bill first ridiculed but eventually passed

C) Minorities in the Armed Forces• Minorities restricted to

segregated neighborhoods & denied basic citizenship before war now question whether its their war to fight– Why fight for Dem in foreign

nation when Dem doesn’t exist for them in this one

• Af. Amer. lived and worked in segregated quarters & limited to non combat roles

• Nat Amer. Navajo code talkers

II Life on the Home FrontA) Industrial Response

• Gov’t and private industry work together to increase production of wartime materials– Auto plantsproduce tanks/planes– Textile plantsuniforms and other

war material• Mobilization for war on every

frontecon boom that takes us out of depression

• Unemployment from 14.6 1.2%

B) Labor’s Contribution• Women answer call for

increase in prod.– Were not welcomed at first

but then were because they could do same job and be paid about 60% less than men

– Minorities faced same plight

• March on Wash. To protest against discrimination in workplace– FDR asks to stop

protest but organizer would not budgeFDR issues exec. Order calling all federal employers and labor unions to not discriminate

C) Mobilization of Scientists• FDR creates Office of Scientific Research and

Development– Improve radar, sonar, & Penicillin

• Greatest achievement = Atomic bomb• Einstein warms US of German ability to split

uranium atomFDR calls committee on Uranium to investigate– Offices located in NYCatomic program becomes

known as Manhattan proj.

D) Changes in Entertainment• Warout of depressionppl have $$ to spend– Hollywood makes propaganda films but then shift

to escapist films after American pop gets tired of prop.

• Pop music also have patriotic spin but then shift to reflect lost love and loneliness

Find song from early war reflecting patriotism and one from later period reflecting loss/loneliness **DUE FRIDAY**

III Federal Government Takes ControlA) Japanese Internment

• PHcall for Japanese Amer. to evacuate Hawaii & W coast out of fear they are fighting on behalf of Japanese as spies– Atmosphere of suspicion and panichysteria

• FDR signs order to remove ppl of Japanese ancestry– Sent to internment camps of whom 2/3s were

Nisei, or Japanese Amer. born in US, and therefor citizens of US

B) Economic Controls• Need to control inflation from skyrocketing

like it did during WWI– Incomes rise, prod. Of consumer goods decline,

prices soarOffice of Price Administration (OPA)– Freeze prices on goods– Raise income taxes & expand to include ppl who

have never before paid taxes

• Set up rationing= establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed necessary to war effort– Most accepted as their duty but some cheated by

hoarding scarce goods and buying on black market for inflated prices

War Production Board (WPA)– Insured that the armed

forces had the raw mat. Needed to win the war

– Decided which factories & industries would be converted for war prod.

– Allocated raw mat. To key industries

– Organized nationwide drives to collect products deemed necessary to mil.