chapter 25 vocabulary 1.jane addams 2.booker t. washington 3.w.e.b. du bois 4.emily dickinson...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 25 Vocabulary
1. Jane Addams2. Booker T. Washington3. W.E.B. Du Bois4. Emily Dickinson5. Megalopolis6. Settlement house7. Social gospel8. Yellow journalism
9. Hull House10. The Origin of the Species11. Christian Science12. NAACP (National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
13. Morrill Act14. Comstock Law15. Women’s Christian
Temperance Union
Chapter 25:America Moves to the City
1865-1900
Louis Sullivan
1856 – 1924
Skyscraper
“Form followsfunction!”
Louis Sullivan: Bayard Bldg.,
NYC,
1897
Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott
Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYCTenement House Act of 1879, NYC
Dumbbell Tenement Floor Plan
“Dumbbell” Tenement
Immigrant Family Housing in Urban Cities
“Dumbbell” Tenement, NYC
Tenement Slum Living
Living quarters for men
Struggling Immigrant Families
Rent… • 1892: - two rooms in an attic cost $3 -$5
per month –$71.85-$119.76
- three rooms (kitchen and two bedrooms) cost $6 -$12 per month
- $143.71 -$287.41
- four rooms as described above cost $12 -$16 per month
- $287.41-$383.22
Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”
Hester Street – Jewish Section
Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC
Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
Jane Addams
• Hull House– Chicago
• Nobel Peace Prize 1931
• Sparks settlement house reform across the nation
Hull House1893
Nativism rises again…
Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)
“Social Gospel”• Dwight L Moody• Taught on forgiveness• Led social gospel
movement• Mediating:–Labor and capital–Science and faith–Religious and secular
values
Salvation Army
• “Soldiers without swords”
• Came from England in 1879
• Offered free soup• 1st US meeting in
Philadelphia
YMCA/ YWCA
• John Mott • Leader of YMCA in US • Worked with Dwight L
Moody• Received Nobel Peace
Prize in 1946
Charles Darwin
• On the Origin of Species• Divided the church• By 1920s Evolution
becomes scientific main theory
• Conservatives stuck to the Bible as the infallible
Word of God• Others ignored the Bible
and were known as “accomodationists”
Booker T. Washington
•Founded Tuskegee Institute (Alabama)•Taught African Americans useful trades and skills•“economic independence was the key to political and civil rights•Avoided teaching on social issues
George Washington Carver
• Became a professor at Tuskegee
• Agriculture Chemist• Found many uses for
peanut, sweet potato, and soybean
Dr. W.E.B. DuBois
• 1st African American to get a PhD from Harvard
• Disagreed with Booker T Washington’s plans
• Helped found the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in 1910
• Demanded “talented tenth” be given immediate access to mainstream America
College Growth• Women’s colleges
• African American Colleges
• Morrill Act (1862) and Hatch Act (1887)
Philanthropy /Private Universities
• “stealing privately to give publically” – cynical view
Pragmatism
• Truth is to be tested above all by its practical consequences
• William James • Embraced uncertainty
and developed their philosophies around it
• Scholars often formed clubs to meet in… “metaphysical club”
Libraries and Education
• Andrew Carnegie• “poor man’s university”• Helped to educate the
average American
Newspapers
• Sensationalism was promoted to increase sales
• Sex, scandal and other human interests were in the headlines
• “presstitutes”• Pulitzer & Hearst …
“stooped, snooped, and scooped to conquer”
Yellow Journalism
William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer
• Hearst Castle (CA)
Associated Press
• Helped to curb the sensationalism and scandal publicizing practices of Hearst and Pulitzer
• News gathering not headline grabbing
Magazines• Harper’s Atlantic Month Scribner’s Monthly
• New York Nation– Read by professors, pastors, publicists– Most influential magazine– Crusaded for civil-service reform and honesty in
government
“Dime novels”• Stories of the wild west • Paperbacks attracted the youth
of the nation• Harlan F Halsey- wrote over
650 novels• General Lewis Wallace- Ben Hur– Sold more than 2 million copies– Uncle Tom’s Cabin of the anti-
Darwinists• Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson
also contributed to this period of literature
Mark Twain
• most enduring contribution to recapturing frontier realism and humor
• Huck Finn, Tom Sawyer• Classic novels
Notable Authors• Stephen Crane– Maggie Girl of the Streets– Red Badge of Courage
• William Dean Howells– Editor of Atlantic Monthly
• Kate Chopin– The Awakening
• Henry Adams– Historical stories
New Morality
• Victoria Woodhull – declared her belief in “free love” in 1871
• Woodhull and Claflin’s Weekly
• Shocked the new morality in the nation with accusations that Henry Ward Beecher’s affair
• Anthony Comstock- self-appointed defended of sexual purity
• Brings battle to women.. Desire for economic freedom
• Increase in birth control, divorce, and discussions of sexual topics
Families and Women in the City• Cities were catalyst for increased familial
problems– Divorce increased–Working families increased– Increased crowding in cities–More children = more mouths to feed
• Women became more independent – Charlotte Perkins Gilman- Women and Economics– Elizabeth Cady Stanton– Susan B. Anthony– Ida B. Wells
Women’s Independence
• Charlotte Perkins Gilman
• called on women to:– abandon their
dependent status– contribute to the larger
life of the community through productive involvement in the economy
– Insist on having a ballot to vote on
National American Woman Suffrage Association
• Formed by militant suffragists in 1890
• Pioneers included Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Carrie Chapman Catt
• Stressed the desirability of giving women the vote if they were to continue to discharge traditional duties
• Women need a voice in urban situations on boards (public health, education, safety)
• Linked the ballot to the role of women
Prohibition
• National Prohibition Party -1869
• Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
• France Willard• Carrie Nation • Anti Saloon League –
1893 “Saloon must go!”
• 1919 18th Amendment is passed
Changes in Society• Art and music begin to thrive• Metropolitan Opera House of NY –1883
Phonograph
• Invented by Edison in 1900
• Made music accessible to individual homes
• Over 150,000 homes had one
• Allowed jazz, blues, to be mainstreamed
• “canned music”
Vaudeville
• comedians• Acrobats• Singers• Popular in the
1880s and 1890s
Entertainment Shows
• P.T. Barnum Circus• Buffalo Bill’s Wild
West– Annie Oakley
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Oakley
– Live buffalo– Indians
• Baseball• Basketball
William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West
Show
William “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild West
Show
“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull
“Buffalo Bill” Cody & Sitting Bull
Legendary Female Western Characters
Legendary Female Western Characters
Calamity JaneCalamity Jane Annie OakleyAnnie Oakley