CHAPTER 27 SECTION 3

End of the War &Victory in Asia

Yalta Conference• Yalta Conference:

• February 1945 • Plan for Postwar Peace

• Big 3• FDR• Winston Churchill• Joseph Stalin

• Meeting Agreements:• Russia Declare War

• Japanese

• 3 Months after Surrender• Divide Germany

• New International Peace Organization

• American Politics:• President Roosevelt

• Fourth Term• Harry Truman – Vice President

Holocaust• Holocaust

• German slaughtering of European Jews• Gypsies, Poles, mentally disabled, religious and political prisoners• Genocide – deliberate annihilation of an entire people• Hitler’s “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”

• Major Death Camps• German

• Dachau• Bergen-Belsen

• Poland• Aushwitz• Treblinka• Majdanek

• 6 Million Jews• 1/3 of Europe’s Jewish Population

• http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/campmap.html

Race to Berlin• War in Europe 1945:

• Allies Bomb German Cities• Destruction• Civilian Deaths

• March 1945:• Allies Cross Rhine River

• Eastern Europe• Soviets Occupy

• Eisenhower Pushes East• Fast as Possible

• German Surrender:• Hitler's 1,000 Year Reich...

• April 30, 1945• Hitler Commits Suicide

• May 7, 1945

• Unconditional Surrender• May 8, 1945

• Known as V-E Day• Victory in Europe

Island Hopping• US Strategy

• Island Hopping• Attack and seize only certain strategic Japanese held islands

• Cut off supplies and troop reinforcements• Began in November 1943

• Airstrips for next Allied advance• Gilbert Islands

• Tarawa• Coral Reef encircled island• Marines had to wade onto beach• 1,000 marines killed / 2,000 wounded• Gave US control of vital airstrip

Island Hopping Continued• Saipan

• Marshall Islands• Japanese Fleet Headquarters• 127,000 soldiers

• 2/3 Marines• Japan running low on planes

• Lost 350 Japanese Planes• US lost 30

• Saipan 32,00 Japanese Defenders• US suffered 16,000 casualties

• 3,400 Dead• US takes Guam in August• Important for US to have these Islands

• Launch attacks on Mainland Japan• March 1945 launch raid on Tokyo

• Firestorms destroyed much of the city

Recapturing the Philippines• Japanese resistance stiffens

• New Guinea-Philippines Campaign• General Douglas A. MacArthur

• US and Australian Troops• North Coast

• Fall 1944• Invade Philippines

• Battle of Leyte Gulf• Last, Largest, most decisive

• Japanese• Disaster

• Lost 4 carriers, • 2 battleships• several cruisers

• Fleet no longer a threat• Aided by Filipino guerrillas

• February 1945 • Entered Manila

• Douglas MacArthur• “I’m a little late, but we finally came.”

Iwo Jima• February 1945

• 750 Miles from Tokyo• Lasted 6 weeks

• 20,000 Japanese killed• No Cover• US Marines

• Struggled to take• Mr. Suribachi• Tunnels and Bunkers

• When they reach• Planted a flag on rocky soil• Photo won a Pulitzer Prize

Okinawa• April 1st, 1945• Largest landing force in Pacific

• 350 miles from Japan• Japanese did not challenge landing

• Retreated to southern tip of the island• 5 hours Marines captured an airfield 0 shots fired

• 5 days later Japanese Attack• 700 Planes• 350 Kamikaze

• “Divine Wind”• 6 US Ships sunk

• Bloodiest of the Pacific• Japanese hid in caves• US fired Flamethrowers

Atomic Bomb• European Scientist:

• Moving to United States• Albert Einstein in 1933• Physicist

• Warns U.S.• German Research

• Manhattan Project:• Atomic Bomb

• 1942

• Enrico Fermi• Italian Physicist

• Project Success:• Atomic Chain Reaction

• 1942• July 16, 1945

• Successful Test• Alamogordo, New Mexico

End of the War• Unconditional Surrender:

• Allies Demand• July 26, 1945

• Truman Orders • Use of Atomic Weapons

• Enola Gay:• B-29 Bomber

• August 6, 1945• Hiroshima

• 75,000 Killed• August 9, 1945

• Nagasaki • 125,000 Killed

End of War Continued• Japanese Surrender:

• September 2, 1945• USS Missouri

• Tokyo Bay• Emperor Hirohito

• Kept in Power• Urged by MacArthur to do so

Argument/Justification• Atomic Argument:

• Tokyo Considering Peace• Soviet Declaration of War

• Threat of Invasion• Surrender• Atomic Justification:*

• Iwo Jima & Okinawa• Heavy Am. Loses

• Japanese Invasion• Est.1 Million Casualties

• Quick End to War• Lives Saved• Both Sides

• Display of Power• Soviet Union