chapter 28 – art, architecture, and media. french monastery: before & after
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 28 – Art, Architecture, and Media
French Monastery: Before & After
Art movements as part of Modernism
Dadaism (1916 – 1924)
Surrealism [early] (1920 - 1935)
Bauhaus (1919 – 1933)
Art Deco / Architecture (1920 – 1935)
Post-Impressionism/Expressionism/
Cubism – (begun in 1907)
Began in neutral Switzerland in WWI
Also big in Paris.
Reached its peak between 1916 – 1924
“Anti – Art”
A movement against rigidity of society and art, and the barbarity of war – the public didn’t deserve art after the war.
Dadaism
Characteristics of Dada Art
Nonsensical drawings
Pastel and faded colors
Used collages and layers – to confuse the “unworthy beholder.”
“The beginnings of surrealism” – many Dada artists went on to become members of the Surrealist movement.
Subjects sometimes mundane, called art as irony. (e.g.– bicycle wheel, flyer.)
Marcel Duchamp
You Me (Tu-M)
1918
SurrealismThe “art of dreams”: disconnection
from reality
Divided into two groups based on different interpretations of Freud and Jung – the Automatists and the Veristic Surrealists.
Automatists - suppress conscious in order to free the subconscious, inspired by more “Dadaist” ideals, shouldn’t be overly analyzed.
Veristic Surrealists - follow the images of the subconscious so they can be interpreted; art is a way to freeze ideas of the subconscious.
SurrealismLead by Andre Brenton, a French doctor who had served in the trenches during WWI.
Subject matter was varied: – some pieces show a
complete dislocation from any sort of literal “reality” (for example, Max Ernst’s works)
-- other pieces show “normal” situations with a spark of absurdity (for example, Rene Magritte's works.)
Bright colors among sometimes dull backgrounds.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GFkN4deuZU (Destino)
Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory, 1931
Bauhaus/Functionalism/
International StyleBegan in 1919 with Bauhaus School in Weimar, Germany.
Lead by Walter Gropius, Hannes Meyer, & Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe.
Wanted to create new art to reflect the new times they were living in after WWI.
Artist should be trained to work in the industry.
Characteristics of BauhausA lack of recognizable objects – wanted
to find the true meaning of art through disassembling it.
Clean lines, geometric shapes layered.
In architecture: clean, functional.
Stylistic patterns altered as leaders of the school changed – earlier Bauhaus is different to later Bauhaus.
Bauhaus School in Dessau, Germany
Characteristics of Prairie Style
“Form should follow Function”
Clean lines (use of horizontals)
Minimal, elaborate décor is absent (the function is the décor)
Set in nature / blends in
Art DecoCenter: Paris.
Gained the title “Art Deco” from Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes in 1925
A new kind of decorative and elegant art.
Reached its high point in the mid ’20s – mid 30’s.
Reaction to the forced austerity caused by WWI.
Characteristics of Art DecoGeometric shapes
Although not the flowing swirls of Art Nouveau, had bolder curves and less “fussy” designs.
Bold colors, and new ways of shading pictures.
Idealistic images of the “flaming youth” of the “roaring twenties”.
Carried a theme through pieces, especially in interiors and architecture.
• Reaction to Impressionism, became more nonrepresentationalWith Cubism, Artists reduced and fractured objects into geometric forms. They also used multiple or contrasting vantage points.Emphasized individual style or expression Frequently represents abstract or unconscious thought or feeling
Post Impressionism /Expressionism/ Cubism
Undergrowth with a Couple, Vincent Van Gogh
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Georges Seurat (Pointilism)
Riders on the Beach, Paul Gauguin
Red Room, Henri Matisse (Fauvism)
On White II, Wassily Kandinsky (expressionism)
Pablo Picasso
Guernica, 1937(Cubism)
Radio & Movies• New inventions in the late 19th century led the way for a revolution in mass Communications. (Transatlantic wireless developed by Guglielmo Marconi)
• Radio broadcasting and motion pictures became more prevalent in the early 20th Century. • Hitler said, “Without motor-cars, sound films, and wireless [there would be] no Victories of Nazism”
Charlie Chaplin, early silent film star
Film as Propaganda
The Triumph of the Will https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHs2coAzLJ8 (1:34:50)
• Film was used as propaganda: Leni Riefenstahl directs and films “Triumph of the Will” and Joseph Goebbels acts the Propaganda minister of Nazi Germany. He believed that film was the “most modern and scientific means of influencing the masses”
• Hitler commissioned a filmmaker named Leni Riefenstahl to direct and film, “The Triumph of the Will,” the most influential propaganda film ever created.