Chapter 28

Evolution of Eukaryotic Diversity

Kingdom Protista

History of Classification

I. Endosymbiotic Theory

II. Kingdom Protista

Most diverse of all kingdoms

Classification difficult; created more for convenience

A. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Most single-celled, some colonial, some

multicellular Neither animals, plants or fungi Auto or heterotrophs; some mixotrophs Many have either cilia or flagella with 9+2

microtubule arrangement at some point in life cycle

Varied life cycle: alternation of generation, to predominant multicellular diploid life, or predominant multicellular haploid life

B. 3 Major Categories

1. Animal-like (protozoa)

2. Algae or plant-like (photosynthetic)

3. Fungal-like

III. Animal-Like Protists

Called Protozoa May have given rise to animals Asexual or sexual reproduction Many form cysts (resistant bodies) and wait

out stressful conditions Usually non-photosynthetic heterotrophs

Rhizopoda(Amoeba)

amoeba video

Actinopoda(Actinopods, Foraminiferans)

ForaminifeanRadiolarian

Zoomastigina(zooflagellates)

Giardia lamblia Trypansoma Trichomonas vaginalis

Ciliophora(Ciliates) Stentor Video

Apicomplexa(Sporozoa)

IV. Algae and Plant-like Protists

Photosynthetic!! Many have flagella and are often mistaken to

be animal-like protists All have chll a, carotenoids, other forms of

chll, and other accessory pigments Not considered true plants due to lack of

plant structures such as a waxy cuticle

Euglenophyta(Euglenoids) videos

Dinoflagellata(Dinoflagellates) video

Bacillariophyta(Diatoms) video

Chrysophyta(Golden Algae)

Chlorophyta(Green Algae)

Volvox Video

Phaeophyta(Brown Algae)

Rhodophyta(Red Algae)

V. Fungal-like Protists

Form filaments (spore-bearing bodies) similar to fungus

Acrasiomycota(cellular slime molds)

Myxomycota(Plasmodial Slime Molds)video

Oomycota(Water molds, downey mildews, white rust)