chapter 296-24 wac and 296-876 1910.30 subpart d (walking

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Walking-Working Surfaces Rule Analysis Document

Chapter 296-24 WAC and 296-876

1910.21 – 1910.30 Subpart D (Walking-Working Surfaces) 296-24-735 – 296-24-85505 Walking-Working Surfaces (General Industry) and 296-876 (Ladders, Portable and

Fixed)

Proposed Changes (N/A if no change to 296-24 or 296-876)

Rationale

29 CFR §1910 Subpart D Walking-Working Surfaces 1910.21 Scope and definitions. 1910.22 General requirements. 1910.23 Ladders. 1910.24 Step bolts and manhole steps. 1910.25 Stairways. 1910.26 Dockboards. 1910.27 Scaffolds and rope descent systems. 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection and falling object

protection. 1910.29 Fall protection systems and falling object

protection-criteria and practices. 1910.30 Training requirements.

WAC 296-24 General Safety and Health Standards Part J-1 WORKING SURFACES, GUARDING FLOORS AND WALL OPENINGS Note: Requirements relating to portable ladders and fixed ladders and been moved to chapter 296-876 WAC, Ladders, portable and fixed 296-24-735 Walking-working surfaces. 296-24-73501 General requirements. 296-24-73505 Aisles and passageways. 296-24-73507 Covers and guardrails. 296-24-73511 Steam pipes. 296-24-750 Guarding floor and wall openings and

holes. 296-24-75001 Terms. 296-24-75003 Protection for floor openings. 296-24-75005 Protection for wall openings and

holes. 296-24-75007 Protection of open-sided runways. 296-24-75011 Railing, toeboards, and cover

specifications. 296-24-765 Fixed industrial stairs. 296-24-76501 Terms. 296-24-76503 Application of requirements. 296-24-76507 Stair strength. 296-24-76509 Stair width. 296-24-76511 Angle of stairway rise. 296-24-76513 Stair treads. 296-24-76515 Length of stairways. 296-24-76519 Vertical clearance. 296-24-76521 Open risers. 296-24-76523 General. 296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. 296-24-855 Other working surfaces. 296-24-85501 Dockboards (bridge plates). 296-24-85503 Forging machine area. 296-24-85505 Veneer machinery. WAC 296-876 Ladders, Portable and Fixed 296-876-099 Definitions. 296-876-100 Scope. 296-876-150 Training. 296-876-15005 Training. 296-876-200 Design and construction. 296-876-20005 Design and construction. 296-876-300 Ladder care.

WAC 296-24 General Safety and Health Standards Part J-1 WORKING SURFACES, GUARDING FLOORS AND WALL OPENINGS Note: Requirements relating to portable ladders and fixed ladders and been moved to chapter 296-876 WAC, Ladders, portable and fixed 296-24-735 Walking-working surfaces. 296-24-73501 Scope. 296-24-73502 Definitions. 296-24-73505 General requirements. 296-24-740 Stairways. 296-24-74003 Scope and application. 296-24-74005 General requirements for all stairs. 296-24-74010 Standard stairs. 296-24-74020 Ship stairs. 296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. 296-24-750 Other working surfaces. 296-24-75005 Dockboards. WAC 296-876 Ladders, Portable and Fixed 296-876-099 Definitions. 296-876-100 Scope. 296-876-150 Training. 296-876-15005 Training. 296-876-200 Design and construction. 296-876-20005 Design and construction. 296-876-300 Ladder care.

OSHA’s Walking-Working Surfaces update, in conjunction with DOSH’s Unified Fall Protection Project, has resulted in various sections of DOSH’s walking-working surfaces, and ladders standards needing update. Fall protection oriented requirements will now be found in the new Unified Fall Protection Rule, WAC 296-880.

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296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. 296-876-30010 Repair. 296-876-30015 Storage. 296-876-30020 Transport. 296-876-400 Portable ladder use. 296-876-40005 Designed use. 296-876-40010 Workplace activities or traffic. 296-876-40015 Support. 296-876-40020 Set-up. 296-876-40025 Climbing and descending. 296-876-40030 Getting on and off ladders at

upper levels. 296-876-40035 Exposed electrical hazards. 296-876-40040 Persons on ladders. 296-876-40045 Multisection ladders. 296-876-40050 Self-supporting ladders. 296-876-500 Fixed ladder design and

construction installed on or after December 1, 2006.

296-876-50010 Design and construction—Fixed ladders installed on or after December 1, 2006.

296-876-600 Fixed ladder design and construction installed before December 1, 2006.

296-876-60005 Design and construction—Fixed ladders installed before December 1, 2006.

296-876-60010 Design loads. 296-876-60015 Pitch. 296-876-60020 Welding. 296-876-60025 Ladder surfaces. 296-876-60030 Rungs, cleats and steps. 296-876-60035 Side rails. 296-876-60040 Clearances. 296-876-60045 Step-across distance. 296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. 296-876-60055 Hatches. 296-876-60060 Platforms. 296-876-60065 Protective structures and

equipment. 296-876-60070 Cages. 296-876-60075 Wells. 296-876-60080 Ladder safety devices. 296-876-700 Fixed ladders inspection and

maintenance. 296-876-70005 Protection against corrosion and

deterioration. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. 296-876-800 Fixed ladder use. 296-876-80005 Designed load. 296-876-80010 Climbing and descending.

296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. 296-876-30010 Repair. 296-876-30015 Storage. 296-876-30020 Transport. 296-876-400 Portable ladder use. 296-876-40005 Designed use. 296-876-40010 Workplace activities or traffic. 296-876-40015 Support. 296-876-40020 Set-up. 296-876-40025 Climbing and descending. 296-876-40030 Getting on and off ladders at

upper levels. 296-876-40035 Exposed electrical hazards. 296-876-40040 Persons on ladders. 296-876-40045 Multisection ladders. 296-876-40050 Self-supporting ladders. 296-876-500 Fixed ladder design and

construction installed on or after December 1, 2006.

296-876-50010 Design and construction—Fixed ladders installed on or after December 1, 2006.

296-876-600 Fixed ladder design and construction installed before December 1, 2006.

296-876-60005 Design and construction—Fixed ladders installed before December 1, 2006.

296-876-60010 Design loads. 296-876-60015 Pitch. 296-876-60020 Welding. 296-876-60025 Ladder surfaces. 296-876-60030 Rungs, cleats and steps. 296-876-60035 Side rails. 296-876-60040 Clearances. 296-876-60045 Step-across distance. 296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. 296-876-60055 Hatches. 296-876-60060 Platforms. 296-876-60065 Protective structures and

equipment. 296-876-60070 Cages. 296-876-60075 Wells. 296-876-60080 Ladder safety devices. 296-876-700 Fixed ladders inspection and

maintenance. 296-876-70005 Protection against corrosion and

deterioration. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. 296-876-800 Fixed ladder use. 296-876-80005 Designed load. 296-876-80010 Climbing and descending. 296-876-900 Step bolts and manhole steps. 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements.

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296-876-910 Mobile ladder stands and mobile ladder stand platforms.

296-876-91005 General requirements. 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile

ladder stands. 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile

ladder stand platforms.

1910.21 – Scope and Definitions

(a) Scope. This subpart applies to all general industry workplaces. It covers all walking-working surfaces unless specifically excluded by an individual section of this subpart.

296-24-73501 - General requirements. This section applies to all permanent places of employment, except where domestic, mining, or agricultural work only is performed. Construction work is not to be deemed as a permanent place of employment. Measures for the control of toxic materials are considered to be outside the scope of this section.

WAC 296-24-73501 - Scope. This section applies to all permanent places of employment, except where domestic, mining, or agricultural work only is performed. Construction work is not to be deemed as a permanent place of employment. This section covers all walking-working surfaces unless specifically excluded by an individual paragraph of this section. Where used in Part J of this rule (WAC 296-24); the definitions found in WAC 296-24-73502 shall apply.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical

(b) Definitions. The following definitions apply in this subpart:

296-24-750 - Guarding floor and wall openings and holes. 296-24-75001 – Terms The following terms shall have the meaning ascribed in this section, when referred to in WAC 296-24-75003 through 296-24-75011, unless the context requires otherwise.

296-24-735 - Walking-working surfaces. 296-24-73501 – Definitions As used in Part J of this rule (WAC 296-24), the following definitions apply:

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical Consolidate walking-working surface definitions to one section, and strike unused definitions

Alternating tread-type stair means a type of stairway consisting of a series of treads that usually are attached to a center support in an alternating manner such that an employee typically does not have both feet on the same level while using the stairway.

None provided in terms/definitions lists 296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. Alternating tread-type stairs have a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees from horizontal, attached to a center support rail in an alternating manner so that a user of the stairs never has both feet at the same level at the same time. (See Figure D-12.)

Alternating tread-type stair. A type of stairway consisting of a series of treads that are usually attached to a center support in an alternating manner such that an employee typically does not have both feet on the same level while using the stairway.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Include OSHA’s language in definitions list

Anchorage means a secure point of attachment for equipment such as lifelines, lanyards, deceleration devices, and rope descent systems.

N/A N/A Moved to Fall Protection Standard

Authorized means an employee who the employer assigns to perform a specific type of duty, or allows in a specific location or area.


Cage means an enclosure mounted on the side rails of a fixed ladder or fastened to a structure behind the fixed ladder that is designed to surround the climbing space of the ladder. A cage also is called a ‘‘cage guard’’ or ‘‘basket guard.’’

Cage. An enclosure that encircles the climbing space of a fixed ladder. It is fastened to the ladder side rails or to the structure and may also be called a cage or basket guard.

Cage. An enclosure mounted on the side rails of a fixed ladder or fastened to a structure behind the fixed ladder that is designed to surround the climbing space of a fixed ladder. It may also be called a “cage guard” or “basket guard.”

(Ladder Rule) Negligible difference; update to OSHA’s language to fix grammar (cage or basket guard) vs (”cage guard” or “basket guard”).

Carrier means the track of a ladder safety system that consists of a flexible cable or rigid rail attached to the fixed ladder or immediately adjacent to it.

None provided Carrier. The track of a ladder safety system that consists of a flexible cable or rigid rail attached, or immediately adjacent, to a fixed ladder.

(Ladder Rule) Include OSHA’s language

Combination ladder means a portable ladder that can be used as a stepladder, extension ladder, trestle ladder, or stairway ladder. The components of a combination ladder also may be used separately as a single ladder.

Special-purpose ladder. A portable ladder that is made by modifying or combining design or construction features of the general-purpose types of ladders in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses.

Combination ladder. See “special-purpose ladder.” Special-purpose ladder. A portable ladder that by design can be used as a stepladder, extension ladder, trestle ladder, stairway ladder, etc. in order to adapt the ladder to special or specific uses.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially identical; incorporate OSHA’s language

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Dangerous equipment means equipment, such as vats, tanks, electrical equipment, machinery, equipment or machinery with protruding parts, or other similar units, that, because of their function or form, may harm an employee who falls into or onto the equipment.


Designated area means a distinct portion of a walking-working surface delineated by a warning line in which employees may perform work without additional fall protection.


Dockboard means a portable or fixed device that spans a gap or compensates for a difference in elevation between a loading platform and a transport vehicle. Dockboards include, but are not limited to, bridge plates, dock plates, and dock levelers.

None provided Dockboard. A portable or fixed device that spans a gap or compensates for a difference in elevation between a loading platform and a transport vehicle. Dockboards include, but are not limited to, bridge plates, dock plates, and dock levelers.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

Equivalent means alternative designs, equipment, materials, or methods, that the employer can demonstrate will provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees compared to the designs, equipment, materials, or methods specified in this subpart.


Extension ladder means a non-self-supporting portable ladder that is adjustable in length.

Extension ladder. A nonself-supporting portable ladder consisting of two or more sections. The sections travel in guides or brackets that allow the length of the ladder to be changed. The size is designated by the sum of the lengths of each section, measured along the side rails.

Extension ladder means a non-self-supporting portable ladder that is adjustable in length.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially identical; defer to OSHA’s more concise language. Current definition reads like it excludes single sections from definition.

Failure means a load refusal, breakage, or separation of component parts. A load refusal is the point at which the ultimate strength of a component or object is exceeded.

Failure. The ladder or ladder component loses the ability to carry the load, breaks, or separates into component parts.

Failure. The ladder or ladder component loses the ability to carry the load, breaks, or separates into component parts.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

Fall hazard means any condition on a walking-working surface that exposes an employee to a risk of harm from a fall on the same level or to a lower level.


Fall protection means any equipment, device, or system that prevents an employee from falling from an elevation or mitigates the effect of such a fall.


Fixed ladder means a ladder with rails or individual rungs that is permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment. Fixed ladders include individual-rung ladders, but not ship stairs, step bolts, or manhole steps.

Fixed ladder. A ladder permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment.

Fixed ladder. A ladder permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment. Fixed ladders include individual-rung ladders, but not ship stairs, step bolts, or manhole steps.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical Incorporate OSHA’s language

Grab bar means an individual horizontal or vertical handhold installed to provide access above the height of the ladder.

Grab bars. Handholds placed adjacent to or as an extension above ladders for the purpose of providing access beyond the limits of the ladder.

Grab bars. An individual horizontal or vertical handhold installed to provide access above the height of the ladder.


Guardrail system means a barrier erected along an unprotected or exposed side, edge, or other area of a walking-working surface to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

None provided Standard railing. A vertical barrier erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, wall opening, ramp, platform, or runway to prevent falls of person.

Guardrail system. A barrier erected along an unprotected or exposed side, edge, or other area of a walking-working surface to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical Incorporate OSHA’s language

Handrail means a rail used to provide employees with a handhold for support.

Handrail. A single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall or partition, as on a stairway or ramp, to furnish persons with a handhold in case of tripping.

Handrail. A single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall or partition to provide a continuous handhold for persons using a stair. For dimension requirements (rail heights, etc.), see the Unified Fall Protection rule (WAC 296-880).

Moved to Fall Protection Standard

Hoist area means any elevated access opening to a walking-working surface through which equipment or materials are loaded or received.


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Hole means a gap or open space in a floor, roof, horizontal walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 2 inches (5 cm) in its least dimension.

Floor hole. An opening measuring less than 12 inches but more than 1 inch in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which materials but not persons may fall; such as a belt hole, pipe opening, or slot opening. Wall hole. An opening less than 30 inches but more than 1 inch high, of unrestricted width, in any wall or partition; such as a ventilation hole or drainage scupper.

Hole. A gap or open space in a floor, roof, horizontal walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 2 inches (5 cm) in its least dimension.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) OSHA consolidated separate terms down to a single more concise term.

Individual-rung ladder means a ladder that has rungs individually attached to a building or structure. An individual-rung ladder does not include manhole steps.

Individual-rung/step ladder. A fixed ladder consisting of individual steps or rungs mounted directly to the side or wall of the structure, building, or equipment.

Individual-rung/step ladder. A fixed ladder consisting of individual steps or rungs mounted directly to the side or wall of the structure, building, or equipment. An individual-rung ladder does not include manhole steps.


Ladder means a device with rungs, steps, or cleats used to gain access to a different elevation.

Ladder. A device having steps, rungs, or cleats that can be used to climb or descend.

Ladder. A device having steps, rungs, or cleats that can be used to climb or descend.


Ladder safety system means a system designed to eliminate or reduce the possibility of falling from a ladder. A ladder safety system usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve, lanyard, connectors, and body harness. Cages and wells are not ladder safety systems.

Ladder safety device. Any device, other than a cage or well, designed to arrest the fall of a person using a fixed ladder.

Ladder safety device. Any device, other than a cage or well, designed to eliminate or reduce the possibility of falling from a ladder. A ladder safety device usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve, lanyard, connectors, and body harness.


Low-slope roof means a roof that has a slope less than or equal to a ratio of 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).


Lower level means a surface or area to which an employee could fall. Such surfaces or areas include, but are not limited to, ground levels, floors, roofs, ramps, runways, excavations, pits, tanks, materials, water, equipment, and similar surfaces and structures, or portions thereof.


Manhole steps means steps that are individually attached to, or set into, the wall of a manhole structure.

None provided (either 296-24 or 296-876) Manhole steps means steps that are individually attached to, or set into, the wall of a manhole structure.

(Ladder Rule) Add term to Ladder Standard

Maximum intended load means the total load (weight and force) of all employees, equipment, vehicles, tools, materials, and other loads the employer reasonably anticipates to be applied to a walking-working surface at any one time.

None provided in 296-24 (Equivalent definition in crane and derrick suspended work platforms section) 296-876-099 Maximum intended load. The total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a ladder or ladder component at any one time. Sometimes referred to as working load.

296-24-73501 – Definitions Maximum intended load means the total load (weight and force) of all employees, equipment, vehicles, tools, materials, and other loads the employer reasonably anticipates to be applied to a walking-working surface at any one time. 296-876-099 Maximum intended load. The total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a ladder or ladder component at any one time. Sometimes referred to as working load.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Add term to Walking-Working Surface Standard (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

Mobile means manually propelled or moveable. None provided Mobile. Manually propelled or moveable. (Ladder Rule) Add term to Ladder Standard

Mobile ladder stand (ladder stand) means a mobile, fixed-height, self-supporting ladder that usually consists of wheels or casters on a rigid base and steps leading to a top step. A mobile ladder stand also may have handrails and is designed for use by one employee at a time.

None provided Mobile ladder stand (ladder stand). A mobile, fixed-height, self-supporting ladder that usually consists of wheels or casters on a rigid base and steps leading to a top step. A mobile ladder stand also may have handrails and is designed for use by one employee at a time.


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Mobile ladder stand platform means a mobile, fixed-height, self-supporting unit having one or more standing platforms that are provided with means of access or egress.

None provided Mobile ladder stand platform. A mobile, fixed-height, self-supporting unit having one or more standing platforms that are provided with means of access or egress.


Open riser means the gap or space between treads of stairways that do not have upright or inclined members (risers).

Open riser. The air space between the treads of stairways without upright members (risers).

Open riser. The gap or space between treads of stairways that do not have upright or inclined members (risers).

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Add term to Walking-Working Surfaces Standard

Opening means a gap or open space in a wall, partition, vertical walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 30 inches (76 cm) high and at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, through which an employee can fall to a lower level.

Floor opening. An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard, through which persons may fall; such as a hatchway, stair or ladder opening, pit, or large manhole. Floor openings occupied by elevators, dumb waiters, conveyors, machinery, or containers are excluded from this part. Wall opening. An opening at least 30 inches high and 18 inches wide, in any wall or partition, through which persons may fall; such as a yard-arm doorway or chute opening.

Opening. A gap or open space in a wall, partition, vertical walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 30 inches (76 cm) high and at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, through which an employee can fall to a lower level.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) OSHA consolidated separate terms down to a single more concise term.

Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a walking-working surface. It consists of a body harness, anchorage, and connector. The means of connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or a suitable combination of these.


Personal fall protection system means a system (including all components) an employer uses to provide protection from falling or to safely arrest an employee’s fall if one occurs. Examples of personal fall protection systems include personal fall arrest systems, positioning systems, and travel restraint systems.


Platform means a walking-working surface that is elevated above the surrounding area.

Platform. An extended step or landing breaking a continuous run of stairs.

Platform. A walking-working surface that is elevated above the surrounding area.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Term already defined with respect to stair platforms. Revise definition to reflect stairs, and include OSHA’s definition for term.

Portable ladder means a ladder that can readily be moved or carried, and usually consists of side rails joined at intervals by steps, rungs, or cleats.

Portable ladder. A ladder that can be readily moved or carried.

Portable ladder. A ladder that can be readily moved or carried.


Positioning system (work-positioning system) means a system of equipment and connectors that, when used with a body harness or body belt, allows an employee to be supported on an elevated vertical surface, such as a wall or window sill, and work with both hands free. Positioning systems also are called ‘‘positioning system devices’’ and ‘‘work-positioning equipment.’’


Qualified describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.


Ramp means an inclined walking-working surface used to access another level.

None provided Ramp. An inclined walking-working surface used to access another level.


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Riser means the upright (vertical) or inclined member of a stair that is located at the back of a stair tread or platform and connects close to the front edge of the next higher tread, platform, or landing.

The upright member of a step situated at the back of a lower tread and near the leading edge of the next higher tread.

Riser. The upright (vertical) or inclined member of a stair that is located at the back of a stair tread or platform and connects close to the front edge of the next higher tread, platform, or landing.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical Incorporate OSHA language

Rope descent system means a suspension system that allows an employee to descend in a controlled manner and, as needed, stop at any point during the descent. A rope descent system usually consists of a roof anchorage, support rope, a descent device, carabiner(s) or shackle(s), and a chair (seatboard). A rope descent system also is called controlled descent equipment or apparatus. Rope descent systems do not include industrial rope access systems.

WAC 296-878 Window Cleaning Standard Rope descent system (RDS). An assembly of components that allows the operator to control the rate of descent at any time. A rope descent system includes the following components: (1) Suspension devices; (2) Certified roof anchorages; (3) Primary support ropes or lines; (4) The descent device; (5) Carabiners or shackles; (6) A seatboard or boatswain's chair.

N/A (Window Cleaning Rule) Substantially Identical

Rung, step, or cleat means the crosspiece of a ladder on which an employee steps to climb up and down.

Cleat. A ladder crosspiece used in climbing or descending. Also called a step or rung. Rung. A ladder crosspiece used in climbing or descending. Also called a cleat or step. Step. A ladder crosspiece used in climbing or descending. Also called a cleat or rung.

Cleat. See “Rung”. Rung. A ladder crosspiece used in climbing or descending. Also called a cleat or step. Step. See “Rung”.


Runway means an elevated walking-working surface, such as a catwalk, a foot walk along shafting, or an elevated walkway between buildings.

Runway. A passageway for persons, elevated above the surrounding floor or ground level, such as a footwalk along shafting or a walkway between buildings.

Runway. An elevated walking-working surface, such as a catwalk, a foot walk along shafting, or an elevated walkway between buildings.


Scaffold means any temporary elevated or suspended platform and its supporting structure, including anchorage points, used to support employees, equipment, materials, and other items. For purposes of this subpart, a scaffold does not include a crane-suspended or derrick-suspended personnel platform or a rope descent system.

WAC 296-874 Scaffold Standard Scaffold. A temporary elevated platform, including its supporting structure and anchorage points, used for supporting employees or materials.

N/A (Scaffold Rule) Substantially Identical

Ship stair (ship ladder) means a stairway that is equipped with treads, stair rails, and open risers, and has a slope that is between 50 and 70 degrees from the horizontal.

None provided in definitions 296-24-76511 Angle of stairway rise (2) Because of space limitations a permanent stairway sometimes has to be installed at an angle above the 50 degree critical angle. Such installations are commonly called inclined ladders or ship's ladders

Ship stair (ship ladder). A stairway that is equipped with treads, stair rails, and open risers, and has a slope that is between 50 and 70 degrees from the horizontal.


Side-step ladder means a type of fixed ladder that requires an employee to step sideways from it in order to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing.

Side-step ladder. A fixed ladder that requires a person to step to the side of the ladder side rails to reach the landing.

Side-step ladder. A fixed ladder that requires an employee to step sideways from the ladder in order to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical Gramma updates; person/employee, etc.

Spiral stairs means a series of treads attached to a vertical pole in a winding fashion, usually within a cylindrical space.

None provided Spiral stairs. A series of treads attached to a vertical pole in a winding fashion, usually within a cylindrical space.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA language

Stair rail or stair rail system means a barrier erected along the exposed or open side of stairways to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

Stair railing. A vertical barrier erected along exposed sides of a stairway to prevent falls of persons.

Stair rail or stair rail system. A barrier erected along the exposed or open side of stairways to prevent employees from falling to a lower level.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical Gramma updates; person/employee, etc.

Stairway (stairs) means risers and treads that connect one level with another, and includes any landings and platforms in between those levels. Stairways include standard, spiral, alternating tread-type, and ship stairs.

Stairs, stairway. A series of steps leading from one level or floor to another, or leading to platforms, pits, boiler rooms, crossovers, or around machinery, tanks, and other equipment that are used more or less continuously or routinely by employees, or only occasionally by specific individuals. A series of steps and

Stairway (stairs). Risers and treads that connect one level with another, and includes any landings and platforms in between those levels. Stairways include standard, spiral, alternating tread-type, and ship stairs.


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landings having three or more risers constitutes stairs or stairway.

Standard stairs means a fixed or permanently installed stairway. Ship, spiral, and alternating tread-type stairs are not considered standard stairs.

None provided Standard stairs. A fixed or permanently installed stairway. Ship, spiral, and alternating tread-type stairs are not considered standard stairs.


Step bolt (pole step) means a bolt or rung attached at intervals along a structural member used for foot placement and as a handhold when climbing or standing.

None provided Step bolt (pole step) means a bolt or rung attached at intervals along a structural member used for foot placement and as a handhold when climbing or standing.


Stepladder means a self-supporting, portable ladder that has a fixed height, flat steps, and a hinged back.

Stepladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, with flat steps and hinged at the top. The size is designated by the overall length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side rails.

Stepladder. A self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, with flat steps and hinged at the top. The size is designated by the overall length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side rails.


Stepstool means a self-supporting, portable ladder that has flat steps and side rails. For purposes of the final rule, stepstool includes only those ladders that have a fixed height, do not have a pail shelf, and do not exceed 32 inches (81 cm) in overall height to the top cap, although side rails may extend above the top cap. A stepstool is designed so an employee can climb and stand on all of the steps and the top cap.

None provided Stepstool means a self-supporting, portable ladder that has flat steps and side rails. For purposes of the final rule, stepstool includes only those ladders that have a fixed height, do not have a pail shelf, and do not exceed 32 inches (81 cm) in overall height to the top cap, although side rails may extend above the top cap. A stepstool is designed so an employee can climb and stand on all of the steps and the top cap.


Through ladder means a type of fixed ladder that allows the employee to step through the side rails at the top of the ladder to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing.

Through ladder. A fixed ladder that requires a person to step between the side rails of the ladder to reach the landing.

Through ladder. A fixed ladder that allows an employee to step between the side rails of the ladder to reach a walking-working surface, such as a landing.

(Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical Update with OSHA’s language

Tieback means an attachment between an anchorage (e.g., structural member) and a supporting device (e.g., parapet clamp or cornice hook).

Not defined per se’; term is used in definitions of “anchor” and “fixture”

N/A (Window Cleaning Rule) Substantially Identical

Toeboard means a low protective barrier that is designed to prevent materials, tools, and equipment from falling to a lower level, and protect employees from falling.


Travel restraint system means a combination of an anchorage, anchorage connector, lanyard (or other means of connection), and body support that an employer uses to eliminate the possibility of an employee going over the edge of a walking-working surface.


Tread means a horizontal member of a stair or stairway, but does not include landings or platforms.

None provided Tread. A horizontal member of a stair or stairway, but does not include landings or platforms.


Unprotected sides and edges mean any side or edge of a walking-working surface (except at entrances and other points of access) where there is no wall, guardrail system, or stair rail system to protect an employee from falling to a lower level.

None provided Unprotected sides and edges. Mean any side or edge of a walking-working surface (except at entrances and other points of access) where there is no wall, guardrail system, or stair rail system to protect an employee from falling to a lower level.


Walking-working surface means any horizontal or vertical surface on or through which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location.

None provided Walking-working surface. Any horizontal, vertical, and inclined or angled surface on or through which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location. This includes, but is not limited to, floors, ladders, stairways, steps, roofs, ramps, runways, aisles, scaffolds, dockboards, and step bolts.


Warning line means a barrier erected to warn employees that they are approaching an unprotected side or edge, and


9

which designates an area in which work may take place without the use of other means of fall protection.

Well means a permanent, complete enclosure around a fixed ladder.

Well. A walled enclosure around a fixed ladder that provides a person climbing the ladder with the same protection as a cage.

Well. A permanent, complete walled enclosure around a fixed ladder.


1910.22 – General Requirements No equivalent section WAC 296-24-73505 – General Requirements No equivalent section OSHA struck most of what was in walking-working surfaces (aisles and passageways, redundant; covers and guardrails, redundant; steam pipes, redundant; guarding floor and wall openings and holes, moved to fall protection; protection for floor openings, moved to fall protection; protection for open sided runways, covered under fall protection; railing specs, covered under fall protection)

(a) Surface conditions. The employer must ensure: No equivalent code (1) Surface Conditions; you must ensure (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Add requirement to Walking-Working Surfaces Standard

(a)(1) All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, service rooms, and walking-working surfaces are kept in a clean, orderly, and sanitary condition.

No equivalent code (1)(a) All places of employment, passageways, storerooms, service rooms, and walking-working surfaces are kept in a clean, orderly, and sanitary condition.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Add requirement to Walking-Working Surfaces Standard

(a)(2) The floor of each workroom is maintained in a clean and, to the extent feasible, in a dry condition. When wet processes are used, drainage must be maintained and, to the extent feasible, dry standing places, such as false floors, platforms, and mats must be provided.

No equivalent code (1)(b) The floor of each workroom is maintained in a clean and, to the extent feasible, in a dry condition. When wet processes are used, drainage must be maintained and, to the extent feasible, dry standing places, such as false floors, platforms, and mats must be provided.


(a)(3) Walking-working surfaces are maintained free of hazards such as sharp or protruding objects, loose boards, corrosion, leaks, spills, snow, and ice.

No equivalent code (1)(c) Walking-working surfaces are maintained free of hazards such as sharp or protruding objects, loose boards, corrosion, leaks, spills, snow, and ice.


(b) Loads. The employer must ensure that each walking-working surface can support the maximum intended load for that surface.

No equivalent code (2) You must ensure that each walking-working surface can support the maximum intended load for that surface.


(c) Access and egress. The employer must provide, and ensure each employee uses, a safe means of access and egress to and from walking-working surfaces.

No equivalent code (3) You must provide, and ensure each employee uses, a safe means of access and egress to and from walking-working surfaces.


(d) Inspection, maintenance, and repair. The employer must ensure:

No equivalent code (4) Inspection, maintenance, and repair. You must ensure:


(d)(1) Walking-working surfaces are inspected, regularly and as necessary, and maintained in a safe condition;

No equivalent code (4)(a) Walking-working surfaces are inspected, regularly and as necessary, and maintained in a safe condition;


(d)(2) Hazardous conditions on walking-working surfaces are corrected or repaired before an employee uses the walking-working surface again. If the correction or repair cannot be made immediately, the hazard must be guarded to prevent employees from using the walking-working surface until the hazard is corrected or repaired; and

No equivalent code (4b) Hazardous conditions on walking-working surfaces are corrected or repaired before an employee uses the walking-working surface again. If the correction or repair cannot be made immediately, the hazard must be guarded to prevent employees from using the walking-working surface until the hazard is corrected or repaired.


(d)(3) When any correction or repair involves the structural integrity of the walking-working surface, a qualified person performs or supervises the correction or repair.

No equivalent code (4)(c) When any correction or repair involves the structural integrity of the walking-working surface, a qualified person performs or supervises the correction or repair.


1910.23 – Ladders WAC 296-876 – Ladders, Portable and Fixed WAC 296-876 – Ladders, Portable and Fixed N/A

(a) Application. The employer must ensure that each ladder used meets the requirements of this section. This section covers all ladders, except when the ladder is:

296-876-100 - Scope. This chapter applies to portable and fixed ladders, including job-made wooden ladders. For requirements

WAC 296-876-100 - Scope. This chapter applies to portable and fixed ladders (, including job-made wooden ladders); mobile ladder


10

related to mobile ladder stands or rolling ladders, please refer to WAC 296-874-20024 Make sure stairway-type ladders meet these requirements.

stands, and mobile ladder stand platforms. For fall protection requirements related to fixed ladders, see the unified fall protection rule (WAC 296-XXX).

(a)(1) Used in emergency operations such as firefighting, rescue, and tactical law enforcement operations, or training for these operations; or

EXEMPTION: This chapter does not apply to: 1. Portable ladders used by the fire services for fire combat that are covered by safety standards for firefighters, chapter 296-305 WAC; 2. Agriculture activities covered by safety standards for agriculture, chapter 296-307 WAC.

EXEMPTION: This chapter does not apply to: 1. Portable ladders used by the fire services for fire combat that are covered by safety standards for firefighters, chapter 296-305 WAC; 2. Ladders used in other emergency training, and operations like rescue, and tactical law enforcement. 3. Agriculture activities covered by safety standards for agriculture, chapter 296-307 WAC.

(Ladder Rule) New exemption in DOSH rule; (2) emergency services Incorporate OSHA’s language

(a)(2) Designed into or is an integral part of machines or equipment.

N/A 4. Ladders designed into, or is an integral part of, machines or equipment.

(Ladder Rule) New exemption in DOSH rule; (4) integral ladders Incorporate OSHA’s language

(b) General requirements for all ladders. The employer must ensure:

No equivalent section in ladder standard, instead equivalent requirements in portable and fixed subsections, and cited ANSI standards

N/A N/A

(b)(1) Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use;

Equivalent requirements in referenced ANSI standards N/A (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

(b)(2) Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats are spaced not less than 10 inches (25 cm) and not more than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the rungs, cleats, and steps, except that:


(b)(2)(i) Ladder rungs and steps in elevator shafts must be spaced not less than 6 inches (15 cm) apart and not more than 16.5 inches (42 cm) apart, as measured along the ladder side rails; and


(b)(2)(ii) Fixed ladder rungs and steps on telecommunication towers must be spaced not more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, measured between the centerlines of the rungs or steps;

Equivalent requirements in telecom (WAC 296-32-22560)

N/A (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

(b)(3) Steps on stepstools are spaced not less than 8 inches (20 cm) apart and not more than 12 inches (30 cm) apart, as measured between the centerlines of the steps;


(b)(4) Ladder rungs, steps, and cleats have a minimum clear width of 11.5 inches (29 cm) on portable ladders and 16 inches (41 cm) (measured before installation of ladder safety systems) for fixed ladders, except that:


(b)(4)(i) The minimum clear width does not apply to ladders with narrow rungs that are not designed to be stepped on, such as those located on the tapered end of orchard ladders and similar ladders;


(b)(4)(ii) Rungs and steps of manhole entry ladders that are supported by the manhole opening must have a minimum clear width of 9 inches (23 cm);


(b)(4)(iii) Rungs and steps on rolling ladders used in telecommunication centers must have a minimum clear width of 8 inches (20 cm); and


(b)(4)(iv) Stepstools have a minimum clear width of 10.5 inches (26.7 cm);


(b)(5) Wooden ladders are not coated with any material that may obscure structural defects;

Equivalent requirements in ladder rule (WAC 296-876) N/A (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

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(b)(6) Metal ladders are made with corrosion-resistant material or protected against corrosion;

Equivalent requirements in ladder rule (WAC 296-876) N/A (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

(b)(7) Ladder surfaces are free of puncture and laceration hazards;

No equivalent section or code WAC 296-876-30005 Condition and inspection (m) You must maintain portable ladder surfaces free of puncture and laceration hazards. WAC 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair (5) You must maintain fixed ladder surfaces free of puncture and laceration hazards.

(Ladder Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(b)(8) Ladders are used only for the purposes for which they were designed;

296-876-40005(1) Designed use. (1) You must use ladders only for their intended purpose.


(b)(9) Ladders are inspected before initial use in each work shift, and more frequently as necessary, to identify any visible defects that could cause employee injury;

296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. (3) You must have a competent person inspect a ladder: (a) When required by Table 1, Ladder Inspection Criteria; and (b) After any other occurrence that could affect safe use. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. (2) You must have a competent person inspect a ladder for visual defects: (a) Periodically; and (b) After any occurrence that could affect safe use.

296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. (3) You must have a competent person inspect a ladder: (a) When required by Table 1, Ladder Inspection Criteria; and (b) After any other occurrence that could affect safe use. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. (2) You must have a competent person inspect a ladder for visual defects: (a) Periodically; (b) After any occurrence that could affect safe use, and; (c) Before initial use in each work shift.

(Ladder Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s (before initial use in each work shift) language

(b)(10) Any ladder with structural or other defects is immediately tagged “Dangerous: Do Not Use” or with similar language in accordance with §1910.145 and removed from service until repaired in accordance with §1910.22(d), or replaced;

296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. (4) You must make sure any ladder with structural damage or other hazardous defect is: (a) Marked to identify it as defective or tagged with "do not use" or similar language; and (b) Removed from service. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. (3) You must make sure any ladder with structural damage or other hazardous defect is immediately removed from service.


(b)(11) Each employee faces the ladder when climbing up or down it;

296-876-40025 Climbing and descending. (2) You must face the ladder when climbing or descending. 296-876-80010 Climbing and descending. (2) You must face the ladder when climbing or descending.


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(b)(12) Each employee uses at least one hand to grasp the ladder when climbing up and down it; and

296-876-40025 Climbing and descending. (1) You must have both hands free to hold on to the ladder. 296-876-80010 Climbing and descending. (1) You must have both hands free to hold on to the ladder.


(b)(13) No employee carries any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder.

No equivalent code 296-876-40025 Climbing and descending. (6) You must make sure no employee carries any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder. 296-876-80010 Climbing and descending. (4) You must make sure no employee carries any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder.


(c) Portable ladders. The employer must ensure: Equivalent sections: 296-876-200, 296-876-300, 296-876-400


(c)(1) Rungs and steps of portable metal ladders are corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize the possibility of slipping;

No equivalent code 296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. (k) Rungs and steps of portable metal ladders are corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize the possibility of slipping.


(c)(2) Each stepladder or combination ladder used in a stepladder mode is equipped with a metal spreader or locking device that securely holds the front and back sections in an open position while the ladder is in use;

No equivalent code 296-876-30005 Condition and inspection. (l) Each stepladder or combination ladder used in a stepladder mode is equipped with a metal spreader or locking device that securely holds the front and back sections in an open position while the ladder is in use.


(c)(3) Ladders are not loaded beyond the maximum intended load;

296-876-40005 Designed use. (2) You must make sure not to overload ladders. Do not exceed either the: (a) Maximum intended load; or (b) Manufacturer's rated capacity.


Note to paragraph (c)(3): The maximum intended load, as defined in §1910.21(b), includes the total load (weight and force) of the employee and all tools, equipment, and materials being carried.

296-876-099 Definitions. Maximum intended load. The total load of all persons, equipment, tools, materials, transmitted loads, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a ladder or ladder component at any one time. Sometimes referred to as working load.


(c)(4) Ladders are used only on stable and level surfaces unless they are secured or stabilized to prevent accidental displacement;

296-876-40015 Support. (1) You must place the ladder either: (a) With a secure footing on a firm, level support surface; or


13

(b) Secure the ladder to prevent accidental displacement.

(c)(5) No portable single rail ladders are used; 296-876-099 Definitions. Single-rail ladder. A portable ladder with crosspieces mounted on a single rail. Single-rail ladders are prohibited from use.


(c)(6) No ladder is moved, shifted, or extended while an employee is on it;

296-876-40040 Persons on ladders. (1) You must make sure a ladder is not moved, shifted, or adjusted while anyone is on it.


(c)(7) Ladders placed in locations such as passageways, doorways, or driveways where they can be displaced by other activities or traffic:

296-876-40010 Workplace activities or traffic. (1) You must protect ladders that are set up in a location where they could be displaced by workplace activities or traffic by either: (2) You must protect ladders that are set-up in front of doors that open towards the ladder by doing at least one of the following:


(c)(7)(i) Are secured to prevent accidental displacement; or (1)(a) Securing the ladder to prevent accidental displacement; or


(c)(7)(ii) Are guarded by a temporary barricade, such as a row of traffic cones or caution tape, to keep the activities or traffic away from the ladder;

(1)(b) Using a barricade to keep the activities or traffic away from the ladder. (2)(a) Block the door open. (2)(b) Lock the door. (2)(c) Guard the door to keep it from opening into the ladder.


(c)(8) The cap (if equipped) and top step of a stepladder are not used as steps;

296-876-40050 Self-supporting ladders. (4) You must prohibit standing or stepping on the: (a) Top cap and top step of a step or trestle ladder.


(c)(9) Portable ladders used on slippery surfaces are secured and stabilized;

296-876-40015 Support. (2) You must make sure a ladder is not placed on ice, snow, or other slippery surface unless the ladder is prevented from accidental displacement by either: (a) Securing it; or (b) Providing the ladder with slip-resistant feet.


(c)(10) The top of a non-self-supporting ladder is placed so that both side rails are supported, unless the ladder is equipped with a single support attachment;

296-876-40015 Support. (4) You must place a straight ladder so the side rails are equally supported by the top support, unless the ladder is equipped with a single support attachment.


(c)(11) Portable ladders used to gain access to an upper landing surface have side rails that extend at least 3 feet (0.9 m) above the upper landing surface (see Figure D-1 of this section);

296-876-40030 Getting on and off ladders at upper levels. (1) You must make sure a ladder used to access an upper level has the side rails extended at least three feet (0.9 m) above the landing surface if the ladder length permits.


(c)(12) Ladders and ladder sections are not tied or fastened together to provide added length unless they are specifically designed for such use;

296-876-40045 Multisection ladders.


14

(1) You must make sure not to tie or fasten ladder sections together to make longer ladders unless: (a) The ladder manufacturer endorses this type of use; and (b) You have hardware fittings specifically designed for this purpose.

(c)(13) Ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.

296-876-40015 Support. (3) You must make sure ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases to obtain additional height.


[FIGURE D-1] No exact equivalent Unreferenced unlabeled figure in 296-876-40020 -Set-up illustrates ladder angle, but not 3’ extension above area being accessed.


(d) Fixed ladders. The employer must ensure: Equivalent sections: 296-876-500, 296-876-600, 296-876-700, 296-876-800


(d)(1) Fixed ladders are capable of supporting their maximum intended load;

No equivalent code. 296-876-70010 Inspection and repair. (6) You must ensure fixed ladders are capable of supporting their maximum intended load.


(d)(2) The minimum perpendicular distance from the centerline of the steps or rungs, or grab bars, or both, to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder is 7 inches (18 cm), except for elevator pit ladders, which have a minimum perpendicular distance of 4.5 inches (11 cm);

296-876-60040 Clearances. (3) You must make sure the distance from the centerline of the rungs, cleats, or steps to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder is at least seven inches. EXEMPTION: Fixed ladders in elevator pits may reduce the minimum clearance from the ladder to the nearest permanent object in back of the ladder to four and one-half inches.


(d)(3) Grab bars do not protrude on the climbing side beyond the rungs of the ladder that they serve;

296-876-60040 Clearances. (5) You must make sure grab bars: (b) Do not extend beyond the rungs on the climbing side of the ladder.


(d)(4) The side rails of through or side-step ladders extend 42 inches (1.1 m) above the top of the access level or landing platform served by the ladder. For parapet ladders, the access level is:

296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. (1) You must make sure the side rails of through or side-step ladders extend forty-two inches above the top of the access level or landing platform. Note: For a parapet ladder, the access level is:


(d)(4)(i) The roof, if the parapet is cut to permit passage through the parapet; or

296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. Note 1. The roof if the parapet is cut to permit passage through it; or


(d)(4)(ii) The top of the parapet, if the parapet is continuous; 296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. Note: 2. The top of the parapet if it is continuous and uncut.


(d)(5) For through ladders, the steps or rungs are omitted from the extensions, and the side rails are flared to provide

296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars.


15

not less than 24 inches (61cm) and not more than 30 inches (76 cm) of clearance. When a ladder safety system is provided, the maximum clearance between side rails of the extension must not exceed 36 inches (91 cm);

(2) You must make sure the extension of a through ladder above the access level or landing platform has: (a) Steps or rungs omitted from the extension; and (b) Clearance between the side rails that is: (i) Not less than twenty-four inches; or (ii) Greater than thirty inches. EXEMPTION: The maximum clearance between side rails of the extension may be increased to thirty-six inches if the ladder has a ladder safety device.

(d)(6) For side-step ladders, the side rails, rungs, and steps must be continuous in the extension (see Figure D-2 of this section);

296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. (3) You must make sure side-step ladders have the steps or rungs and the side rails continuous in the extension.


(d)(7) Grab bars extend 42 inches (1.1 m) above the access level or landing platforms served by the ladder;

296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. (4) You must make sure individual rung-step ladders are extended at least forty-two inches above the access level or landing platform by: (a) Continuing the rung spacings as horizontal grab bars; or (b) Providing vertical grab bars that have the same lateral spacing as the vertical legs of the rungs.


(d)(8) The minimum size (cross-section) of grab bars is the same size as the rungs of the ladder.

No equivalent code. 296-876-60050 Extensions and grab bars. (5) You must make sure grab bars: (c) The minimum size (cross-section) of grab bars is the same size as the rungs of the ladder.


(d)(9) When a fixed ladder terminates at a hatch (see Figure D-3 of this section), the hatch cover:

Equivalent sections: 296-876-60055 N/A (Ladder Rule) Substantially Identical

(d)(9)(i) Opens with sufficient clearance to provide easy access to or from the ladder; and

No equivalent code. 296-876-60055 Hatches. When a fixed ladder terminates at a hatch (see Figure D-3 of this section); you must ensure the hatch cover: (1) Opens with sufficient clearance to provide easy access to or from the ladder


(d)(9)(ii) Opens at least 70 degrees from horizontal if the hatch is counterbalanced;

296-876-60055 Hatches. (1) You must make sure counterbalanced hatch covers open at least seventy degrees from the horizontal.

296-876-60055 Hatches. When a fixed ladder terminates at a hatch (see Figure D-3 of this section); you must ensure the hatch cover: (2) Opens at least seventy degrees from the horizontal if the hatch is counterbalanced.


(d)(10) Individual-rung ladders are constructed to prevent the employee's feet from sliding off the ends of the rungs (see Figure D-4 of this section);

296-876-60030 Rungs, cleats and steps. (4) You must make sure individual rung or step-type ladders have rungs or steps that are shaped so that a person's foot cannot slide off the end.


(d)(11) Fixed ladders having a pitch greater than 90 degrees from the horizontal are not used;

296-876-60015 Pitch. You must make sure the pitch of the ladder is no greater than ninety degrees from the horizontal.


(d)(12) The step-across distance from the centerline of the rungs or steps is:

296-876-60045 Step-across distance.


16

(1) You must make sure a through ladder at the point of access or egress has a step-across distance, measured from the centerline of the steps or rungs to the nearest edge of the landing area, that is:

(d)(12)(i) For through ladders, not less than 7 inches (18 cm) and not more than 12 inches (30 cm) to the nearest edge of the structure, building, or equipment accessed from the ladders;

296-876-60045 Step-across distance. (1) You must make sure a through ladder at the point of access or egress has a step-across distance, measured from the centerline of the steps or rungs to the nearest edge of the landing area, that is: (a) Not less than seven inches; or (b) Greater than twelve inches.


(d)(12)(ii) For side-step ladders, not less than 15 inches (38 cm) and not more than 20 inches (51 cm) to the access points of the platform edge;

296-876-60045 Step-across distance. (2) You must make sure a side-step ladder at the point of access or egress has a step-across distance, measured from the side rail of the ladder to the nearest edge of the landing area, that is: (a) Not less than seven inches; or (b) Greater than twelve inches.


(d)(13) Fixed ladders that do not have cages or wells have: 296-876-60040 Clearances.


(d)(13)(i) A clear width of at least 15 inches (38 cm) on each side of the ladder centerline to the nearest permanent object; and

296-876-60040 Clearances. (2) You must make sure ladders without wells or cages have a clear width from the nearest permanent object on each side of the ladder of at least fifteen inches, measured from the center of the rungs, cleats, or steps.


(d)(13)(ii) A minimum perpendicular distance of 30 inches (76 cm) from the centerline of the steps or rungs to the nearest object on the climbing side. When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum clearance at the obstruction may be reduced to 24 inches (61 cm), provided deflector plates are installed (see Figure D-5 of this section).

296-876-60040 Clearances. (1) You must make sure ladders without wells or cages are at least thirty inches from the nearest permanent object on the climbing side, measured perpendicular to the ladder from the centerline of the rungs, cleats, or steps. EXEMPTION: When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum perpendicular clearance between the centerline of the rungs, cleats, or steps and an obstruction on the climbing side may be reduced to twenty-four inches if a deflection device is installed to guide persons around the obstruction.


Note to paragraph (d): Section 1910.28 establishes the employer's duty to provide fall protection for employees on fixed ladders, and §1910.29 specifies the criteria for fall protection systems for fixed ladders.

N/A N/A N/A

[FIGURE D-2] No equivalent figure Add figure (Ladder Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s figure




17

(e) Mobile ladder stands and mobile ladder stand platforms No equivalent section 296-876-910 Mobile ladder stands and mobile ladder stand platforms.


(e)(1) General requirements. The employer must ensure: No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. You must ensure:


(e)(1)(i) Mobile ladder stands and platforms have a step width of at least 16 inches (41 cm);

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (1) Mobile ladder stands and platforms have a step width of at least 16 inches (41 cm).


(e)(1)(ii) The steps and platforms of mobile ladder stands and platforms are slip resistant. Slip-resistant surfaces must be either an integral part of the design and construction of the mobile ladder stand and platform, or provided as a secondary process or operation, such as dimpling, knurling, shotblasting, coating, spraying, or applying durable slip-resistant tapes;

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (2) Steps and platforms of mobile ladder stands and platforms are slip resistant. Slip-resistant surfaces must be either an integral part of the design and construction of the mobile ladder stand and platform, or provided as a secondary process or operation, such as dimpling, knurling, shotblasting, coating, spraying, or applying durable slip-resistant tapes.


(e)(1)(iii) Mobile ladder stands and platforms are capable of supporting at least four times their maximum intended load;

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (3) Mobile ladder stands and platforms are capable of supporting at least four times their maximum intended load.


(e)(1)(iv) Wheels or casters under load are capable of supporting their proportional share of four times the maximum intended load, plus their proportional share of the unit's weight;

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (4) Load bearing wheels or casters are capable of supporting their proportional share of four times the maximum intended load, plus their proportional share of the unit's weight.


(e)(1)(v) Unless otherwise specified in this section, mobile ladder stands and platforms with a top step height of 4 feet (1.2 m) or above have handrails with a vertical height of 29.5 inches (75 cm) to 37 inches (94 cm), measured from the front edge of a step. Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used instead of handrails in special-use applications;

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (5) Unless otherwise specified in this section; mobile ladder stands and platforms with a top step height of 4 feet (1.2 m) or above have handrails with a vertical height of 29.5 inches (75 cm) to 37 inches (94 cm), measured from the front edge of a step. Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used instead of handrails in special-use applications.


(e)(1)(vi) The maximum work-surface height of mobile ladder stands and platforms does not exceed four times the shortest base dimension, without additional support. For greater heights, outriggers, counterweights, or comparable means that stabilize the mobile ladder stands and platforms and prevent overturning must be used;

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (6) The maximum work-surface height of mobile ladder stands and platforms does not exceed four times the shortest base dimension, without additional support. For greater heights, outriggers, counterweights, or comparable means that stabilize the mobile ladder stands and platforms and prevent overturning must be used.


(e)(1)(vii) Mobile ladder stands and platforms that have wheels or casters are equipped with a system to impede horizontal movement when an employee is on the stand or platform; and

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (7) Mobile ladder stands and platforms that have wheels or casters are equipped with a system to impede horizontal movement when an employee is on the stand or platform.


18

(e)(1)(viii) No mobile ladder stand or platform moves when an employee is on it.

No equivalent code 296-876-91005 General Requirements. (8) You must ensure mobile ladder stands and platforms are not moved while an employee is on them.


(e)(2) Design requirements for mobile ladder stands. The employer must ensure:

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile ladder stands. You must ensure:


(e)(2)(i) Steps are uniformly spaced and arranged, with a rise of not more than 10 inches (25 cm) and a depth of not less than 7 inches (18 cm). The slope of the step stringer to which the steps are attached must not be more than 60 degrees, measured from the horizontal;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile ladder stands. (1) Steps are uniformly spaced and arranged, with a rise of not more than 10 inches (25 cm) and a depth of not less than 7 inches (18 cm). The slope of the step stringer to which the steps are attached must not be more than 60 degrees, measured from the horizontal.


(e)(2)(ii) Mobile ladder stands with a top step height above 10 feet (3 m) have the top step protected on three sides by a handrail with a vertical height of at least 36 inches (91 cm); and top steps that are 20 inches (51 cm) or more, front to back, have a midrail and toeboard. Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used instead of handrails in special-use applications; and

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile ladder stands. (2) Mobile ladder stands with a top step height above 10 feet (3 m) have the top step protected on three sides by a handrail with a vertical height of at least 36 inches (91 cm); and top steps that are 20 inches (51 cm) or more, front to back, have a midrail and toeboard. Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used instead of handrails in special-use applications.


(e)(2)(iii) The standing area of mobile ladder stands is within the base frame.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91010 Design requirements for mobile ladder stands. (3) The standing area of mobile ladder stands is within the base frame.


(e)(3) Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms. The employer must ensure:

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91015 Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms. You must ensure:


(e)(3)(i) Steps of mobile ladder stand platforms meet the requirements of paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section. When the employer demonstrates that the requirement is not feasible, steeper slopes or vertical rung ladders may be used, provided the units are stabilized to prevent overturning;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91015 Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms. (1) The steps of mobile ladder stand platforms meet the requirements of WAC 296-876-91010(1). When the employer demonstrates that the requirement is not feasible, steeper slopes or vertical rung ladders may be used, provided the units are stabilized to prevent overturning.


(e)(3)(ii) Mobile ladder stand platforms with a platform height of 4 to 10 feet (1.2 m to 3 m) have, in the platform area, handrails with a vertical height of at least 36 inches (91 cm) and midrails; and

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91015 Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms. (2) Mobile ladder stand platforms with a platform height of 4 to 10 feet (1.2 m to 3 m) have, in the platform area, handrails with a vertical height of at least 36 inches (91 cm) and midrails.


(e)(3)(iii) All ladder stand platforms with a platform height above 10 feet (3 m) have guardrails and toeboards on the exposed sides and ends of the platform.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91015 Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms.


19

(3) All ladder stand platforms with a platform height above 10 feet (3 m) have guardrails and toeboards on the exposed sides and ends of the platform.

(e)(3)(iv) Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, may be used on mobile ladder stand platforms instead of handrails and guardrails in special-use applications.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-91015 Design requirements for mobile ladder stand platforms. (4) Removable gates or non-rigid members, such as chains, are only permitted to be used on mobile ladder stand platforms, instead of handrails and guardrails, in special-use applications.


1910.24 – Step bolts and manhole steps No equivalent section WAC 296-876 – Ladders, Portable and Fixed WAC 296-876-900 Step bolts and manhole steps.


(a) Step bolts. The employer must ensure: No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. In addition to the walking-working surface rule (WAC 296-24-73505) requirements, and the relevant fixed ladder standard requirements in (WAC 296-876); you must ensure:


(a)(1) Each step bolt installed on or after January 17, 2017 in an environment where corrosion may occur is constructed of, or coated with, material that protects against corrosion;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (1) Each step bolt installed on or after January 17, 2017 in an environment where corrosion may occur is constructed of, or coated with, material that protects against corrosion.


(a)(2) Each step bolt is designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent the employee's foot from slipping off the end of the step bolt;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (2) Each step bolt is designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent the employee's foot from slipping off the end, or side edge, of the step bolt.


(a)(3) Step bolts are uniformly spaced at a vertical distance of not less than 12 inches (30 cm) and not more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, measured center to center (see Figure D-6 of this section). The spacing from the entry and exit surface to the first step bolt may differ from the spacing between the other step bolts;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (3) Step bolts are uniformly spaced at a vertical distance of not less than 12 inches (30 cm) and not more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, measured center to center (see Figure D-6 of this section). The spacing from the entry and exit surface to the first step bolt may differ from the spacing between the other step bolts;


(a)(4) Each step bolt has a minimum clear width of 4.5 inches (11 cm);

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (4) Each step bolt has a minimum clear width of 4.5 inches (11 cm).


(a)(5) The minimum perpendicular distance between the centerline of each step bolt to the nearest permanent object in back of the step bolt is 7 inches (18 cm). When the employer demonstrates that an obstruction cannot be avoided, the distance must be at least 4.5 inches (11 cm);

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (5) The minimum perpendicular distance between the centerline of each step bolt to the nearest permanent object in back of the step bolt is 7 inches (18 cm). When the employer demonstrates that an obstruction cannot be avoided, the distance must be at least 4.5 inches (11 cm).


(a)(6) Each step bolt installed before January 17, 2017 is capable of supporting its maximum intended load;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (6) Each step bolt installed before January 17, 2017 is capable of supporting its maximum intended load.


20

(a)(7) Each step bolt installed on or after January 17, 2017 is capable of supporting at least four times its maximum intended load;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (7) Each step bolt installed on or after January 17, 2017 is capable of supporting at least four times its maximum intended load.


(a)(8) Each step bolt is inspected at the start of the workshift and maintained in accordance with §1910.22; and

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (8) Each step bolt is inspected at the start of the workshift and maintained in accordance with the walking-working surface rule (WAC 296-24-73505).


(a)(9) Any step bolt that is bent more than 15 degrees from the perpendicular in any direction is removed and replaced with a step bolt that meets the requirements of this section before an employee uses it.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90005 Step bolt requirements. (9) Any step bolt that is bent more than 15 degrees from the perpendicular in any direction is removed and replaced with a step bolt that meets the requirements of this section before an employee uses it.


[FIGURE D-6] No equivalent figure Include figure (Ladder Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s figure

(b) Manhole steps. (1) The employer must ensure that each manhole step is capable of supporting its maximum intended load.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. In addition to the walking-working surface rule (WAC 296-24-73505) requirements and the relevant fixed ladder standard requirements in (WAC 296-876); you must ensure: (1) Each manhole step is capable of supporting its maximum intended load.


(b)(2) The employer must ensure that each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017:

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017:


(b)(2)(i) Has a corrugated, knurled, dimpled, or other surface that minimizes the possibility of an employee slipping;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: a. Has a corrugated, knurled, dimpled, or other surface that minimizes the possibility of an employee slipping


(b)(2)(ii) Is constructed of, or coated with, material that protects against corrosion if the manhole step is located in an environment where corrosion may occur;

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: b. Is constructed of, or coated with, material that protects against corrosion if the manhole step is located in an environment where corrosion may occur


(b)(2)(iii) Has a minimum clear step width of 10 inches (25 cm);

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: c. Has a minimum clear step width of 10 inches (25 cm)


(b)(2)(iv) Is uniformly spaced at a vertical distance not more than 16 inches (41 cm) apart, measured center to center

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements.


21

between steps. The spacing from the entry and exit surface to the first manhole step may differ from the spacing between the other steps.

(2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: d. Is uniformly spaced at a vertical distance not more than 16 inches (41 cm) apart, measured center to center between steps. The spacing from the entry and exit surface to the first manhole step may differ from the spacing between the other steps.

(b)(2)(v) Has a minimum perpendicular distance between the centerline of the manhole step to the nearest permanent object in back of the step of at least 4.5 inches (11 cm); and

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: e. Has a minimum perpendicular distance between the centerline of the manhole step to the nearest permanent object in back of the step of at least 4.5 inches (11 cm).


(b)(2)(vi) Is designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent the employee's foot from slipping or sliding off the end.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (2) Each manhole step installed on or after January 17, 2017: f. Is designed, constructed, and maintained to prevent the employee's foot from slipping or sliding off the end.


(b)(3) The employer must ensure that each manhole step is inspected at the start of the work shift and maintained in accordance with §1910.22.

No equivalent code WAC 296-876-90010 Manhole step requirements. (3) The employer must ensure that each manhole step is inspected at the start of the work shift and maintained in accordance with the walking-working surface rule (WAC 296-24-73505).


1910.25 – Stairways WAC 296-24-765 Fixed industrial stairs.

WAC 296-24-740 Stairways.

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Move WAC 296-24-765 through 296-24-7655 up to its new home in WAC 296-24-740, consolidate definitions to a single list for all walking-working surfaces rules, strike codes OSHA dropped, and incorporate OSHA’s language

(a) Application. This section covers all stairways (including standard, spiral, ship, and alternating tread-type stairs), except for stairs serving floating roof tanks, stairs on scaffolds, stairs designed into machines or equipment, and stairs on self-propelled motorized equipment.

296-24-76503 Application of requirements. This section contains specifications for the safe design and construction of fixed general industrial stairs. This classification includes interior and exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms, or pits. This section does not apply to stairs used for fire exit purposes, to construction operations, to private buildings or residences, or to articulated stairs, such as may be installed on floating roof tanks or on dock facilities, the angle of which changes with the rise and fall of the base support. When stairs of public and private buildings are located at loading or receiving docks, in maintenance areas, etc., or are used exclusively by employees, the term "fixed industrial steps" will apply and be evaluated accordingly.

296-24-74003 Scope and Application. This section contains specifications for the safe design and construction of fixed general industrial stairs. This classification includes interior and exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms, or pits. This section does not apply to stairs used for fire exit purposes, to construction operations, to private buildings or residences, or to articulated stairs, such as may be installed on floating roof tanks or on dock facilities, the angle of which changes with the rise and fall of the base support. When stairs of public and private buildings are located at loading or receiving docks, in maintenance areas, etc., or are used exclusively by employees, the term "fixed industrial steps" will apply and be evaluated accordingly.


(b) General requirements. The employer must ensure: No equivalent section 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. You must ensure:


22

(b)(1) Handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrail systems are provided in accordance with §1910.28;

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (1) Handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrail systems are provided in accordance with WAC 296-XXX

Moved to Fall Protection Standard

(b)(2) Vertical clearance above any stair tread to any overhead obstruction is at least 6 feet, 8 inches (203 cm), as measured from the leading edge of the tread. Spiral stairs must meet the vertical clearance requirements in paragraph (d)(3) of this section.

296-24-76519 Vertical clearance. You must ensure that vertical clearance above any stair tread to an overhead obstruction is at least 7 feet measured from the leading edge of the tread.

296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (2) Vertical clearance above any stair tread to any overhead obstruction is at least 7 feet (213 cm), as measured from the leading edge of the tread. Spiral stairs must meet the vertical clearance requirements in paragraph (d)(3) of this section.


(b)(3) Stairs have uniform riser heights and tread depths between landings;

296-24-76513 Stair treads. Each tread and the top landing of a stairway, where risers are used, should have a nose which extends 1/2 inch to one inch beyond the face of the lower riser. Noses should have an even leading edge. You must ensure that all treads are reasonably slip-resistant and the nosings are of nonslip finish. Welded bar grating treads without nosings are acceptable providing the leading edge can be readily identified by personnel descending the stairway and provided the tread is serrated or is of definite nonslip design. You must ensure that rise height and tread width are uniform throughout any flight of stairs including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs.

296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (3) Stairs have uniform riser heights and tread depths between landings

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical Update to OSHA’s language

(b)(4) Stairway landings and platforms are at least the width of the stair and at least 30 inches (76 cm) in depth, as measured in the direction of travel;

296-24-76515 Length of stairways. Long flights of stairs, unbroken by landings or intermediate platforms, should be avoided. Consideration should be given to providing intermediate platforms where practical and where such stairways are in frequent use. You must ensure that stairway platforms are no less than the width of a stairway and a minimum of 30 inches in length measured in the direction of travel.

296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (4) Stairway landings and platforms are at least the width of the stair and at least 30 inches (76 cm) in depth; as measured in the direction of travel.


(b)(5) When a door or a gate opens directly on a stairway, a platform is provided, and the swing of the door or gate does not reduce the platform's effective usable depth to:

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (5) When a door or a gate opens directly on a stairway, a platform is provided, and the swing of the door or gate does not reduce the platform's effective usable depth to:


(b)(5)(i) Less than 20 inches (51 cm) for platforms installed before January 17, 2017; and

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (5) When a door or a gate opens directly on a stairway, a platform is provided, and the swing of the door or gate does not reduce the platform's effective usable depth to: a. Less than 20 inches (51 cm) for platforms installed before January 17, 2017; and


(b)(5)(ii) Less than 22 inches (56 cm) for platforms installed on or after January 17, 2017 (see Figure D-7 of this section);

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (5) When a door or a gate opens directly on a stairway, a platform is provided, and the swing of the


23

door or gate does not reduce the platform's effective usable depth to: b. Less than 22 inches (56 cm) for platforms installed on or after January 17, 2017 (see Figure D-7 at the end of this section);

(b)(6) Each stair can support at least five times the normal anticipated live load, but never less than a concentrated load of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) applied at any point;

296-24-76507 Stair strength. You must ensure that fixed stairways are designed and constructed to carry a load of five times the normal live load anticipated but never of less strength than to carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds.

296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (6) Each stair can support at least five times the normal anticipated live load, but never less than a concentrated load of 1,000 pounds (454 kg) applied at any point.


(b)(7) Standard stairs are used to provide access from one walking-working surface to another when operations necessitate regular and routine travel between levels, including access to operating platforms for equipment. Winding stairways may be used on tanks and similar round structures when the diameter of the tank or structure is at least 5 feet (1.5 m).

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (7) Standard stairs are used to provide access from one walking-working surface to another when operations necessitate regular and routine travel between levels, including access to operating platforms for equipment. Winding stairways may be used on tanks and similar round structures when the diameter of the tank or structure is at least 5 feet (1.5 m).

(Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Include OSHA’s language

(b)(8) Spiral, ship, or alternating tread-type stairs are used only when the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide standard stairs.

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (8) Spiral, ship, or alternating tread-type stairs are used only when the employer can demonstrate that it is not feasible to provide standard stairs.


(b)(9) When paragraph (b)(8) of this section allows the use of spiral, ship, or alternating tread-type stairs, they are installed, used, and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

No equivalent code 296-24-74005 General Requirements for All Stairs. (9) When paragraph WAC 296-24-74005(8) of this section allows the use of spiral, ship, or alternating tread-type stairs, they are installed, used, and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.


[FIGURE D-7] No equivalent figure Add figure (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s figure

(c) Standard stairs. In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure standard stairs:

No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs. In addition to paragraph WAC 296-24-74005 of this chapter, you must also ensure standard stairs:


(c)(1) Are installed at angles between 30 to 50 degrees from the horizontal;

No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs. (1) Are installed at angles between 30 to 50 degrees from the horizontal


(c)(2) Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (24 cm); No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs. (2) Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (24 cm)


(c)(3) Have a minimum tread depth of 9.5 inches (24 cm); and

No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs. (3) Have a minimum tread depth of 9.5 inches (24 cm)


(c)(4) Have a minimum width of 22 inches (56 cm) between vertical barriers (see Figure D-8 of this section).

No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs.


24

(4) Have a minimum width of 22 inches (56 cm) between vertical barriers (see Figure D-8 of this section).

(c)(5) Exception to paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section. The requirements of paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) do not apply to standard stairs installed prior to January 17, 2017. OSHA will deem those stairs in compliance if they meet the dimension requirements specified in Table D-1 of this section or they use a combination that achieves the angle requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

No equivalent code 296-24-74010 Standard Stairs. Exception: Paragraphs (2) and (3) of section WAC 296-24-74010 do not apply to standard stairs installed prior to January 17, 2017, provided those stairs meet the dimension requirements specified in Table D-1 of this section or they use a combination that achieves the angle requirements of paragraph WAC 296-24-74010(1) of this section.


[TABLE D-1] Equivalent table (D-1) Move table to 296-24-74010 (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical

[FIGURE D-8] No equivalent figure Include figure (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s figure

(d) Spiral stairs. In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure spiral stairs:

No equivalent section 296-24-74015 Spiral Stairs. In addition to paragraph WAC 296-24-74005 of this chapter, you must also ensure spiral stairs:


(d)(1) Have a minimum clear width of 26 inches (66 cm); No equivalent code (1) Have a minimum clear width of 26 inches (66 cm) (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(d)(2) Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (24 cm); No equivalent code (2) Have a maximum riser height of 9.5 inches (24 cm) (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(d)(3) Have a minimum headroom above spiral stair treads of at least 6 feet, 6 inches (2 m), measured from the leading edge of the tread;

No equivalent code (3) Have a minimum headroom above spiral stair treads of at least 6 feet, 6 inches (2 m), measured from the leading edge of the tread


(d)(4) Have a minimum tread depth of 7.5 inches (19 cm), measured at a point 12 inches (30 cm) from the narrower edge;

No equivalent code (4) Have a minimum tread depth of 7.5 inches (19 cm), measured at a point 12 inches (30 cm) from the narrower edge


(d)(5) Have a uniform tread size; No equivalent code (5) Have a uniform tread size (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(e) Ship stairs. In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure ship stairs (see Figure D-9 of this section):

No equivalent code 296-24-74020 Ship Stairs. In addition to paragraph WAC 296-24-74005 of this chapter, you must also ensure ship stairs (see figure D-9 of this section):


(e)(1) Are installed at a slope of 50 to 70 degrees from the horizontal;

No equivalent code (1) Are installed at a slope of 50 to 70 degrees from the horizontal


(e)(2) Have open risers with a vertical rise between tread surfaces of 6.5 to 12 inches (17 to 30 cm);

No equivalent code (2) Have open risers with a vertical rise between tread surfaces of 6.5 to 12 inches (17 to 30 cm)


(e)(3) Have minimum tread depth of 4 inches (10 cm); and No equivalent code (3) Have minimum tread depth of 4 inches (10 cm) (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(e)(4) Have a minimum tread width of 18 inches (46 cm). No equivalent code (4) Have a minimum tread width of 18 inches (46 cm) (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

[FIGURE D-9] No equivalent figure Include figure (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s language

(f) Alternating tread-type stairs. In addition to paragraph (b) of this section, the employer must ensure alternating tread-type stairs:

296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. Alternating tread-type stairs have a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees from horizontal, attached to a center support rail in an alternating manner so that a user of the stairs never has both feet at the same level at the same time. (See Figure D-12.)

296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. Alternating tread-type stairs have a series of steps between 50 and 70 degrees from horizontal, attached to a center support rail in an alternating manner so that a user of the stairs never has both feet at the same level at the same time (See Figure D-11 of this


25

section.). You must ensure alternating tread-type stairs are:

(f)(1) Have a series of treads installed at a slope of 50 to 70 degrees from the horizontal;

Language included in 296-24-74025 Language included in 296-24-74025 (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Substantially Identical

(f)(2) Have a distance between handrails of 17 to 24 inches (51 to 61 cm);

296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. (1) You must ensure that alternating tread-type stairs are designed, installed, used, and maintained in accordance with approved manufacturer's specifications, and have the following: (d) A minimum of 17 inches between handrails;

296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. (d) A distance of 17 to 24 inches between handrails;


(f)(3) Have a minimum tread depth of 8.5 inches (22 cm); and

296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. (1) You must ensure that alternating tread-type stairs are designed, installed, used, and maintained in accordance with approved manufacturer's specifications, and have the following: (f) A minimum tread depth of 8 inches;

296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. (f) A minimum tread depth of 8.5 inches;


(f)(4) Have open risers if the tread depth is less than 9.5 inches (24 cm);

No equivalent code 296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. (i) Open risers if the tread depth is less than 9.5 inches (24 cm).


(f)(5) Have a minimum tread width of 7 inches (18 cm), measured at the leading edge of the tread (i.e., nosing).

296-24-76555 Alternating tread-type stairs. (1) You must ensure that alternating tread-type stairs are designed, installed, used, and maintained in accordance with approved manufacturer's specifications, and have the following: (g) A minimum tread width of 7 inches; and

296-24-74025 Alternating tread-type stairs. (g) A minimum tread width of 7 inches;


[FIGURE D-10] No equivalent figure Include figure (Walking-Working Surfaces Rule) Incorporate OSHA’s figure

1910.27 – Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems WAC 296-874 – Scaffolds, WAC 296-878 – Window Cleaning

[TBD – Negligible updates; exact language subject to finalized walking-working surfaces and unified fall protection updates]

N/A

1910.28 – Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection


1910.29 – Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection – Criteria and Practices


1910.30 – Training Requirements N/A N/A Moved to Fall Protection Standard

1910.66 – Powered Platforms for Building Maintenance WAC 296-870 – Powered Platforms [TBD – Negligible updates; exact language subject to finalized walking-working surfaces and unified fall protection updates]

N/A

1910.67 – Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms

WAC 296-869 – Elevating Work Platforms [TBD – Negligible updates; exact language subject to finalized walking-working surfaces and unified fall protection updates]

N/A

1910.68 – Manlifts WAC 296-96 – Safety regulations and fees for all elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators and other conveyances.


N/A

191.132 – Personal Protection Equipment - General Requirements


N/A

1910.140 – Personal Fall Protection Systems [TBD – Negligible updates; exact language subject to finalized walking-working surfaces and unified fall protection updates]

N/A

26

1910.178 – Powered Industrial Trucks WAC 296-800-160 – Safety and Health Core Rules - Personal Protective Equipment


N/A

1910.179 – Overhead and Gantry Cranes WAC 296-24 (Part D) – General Safety and Health Rules - Materials Handling and Storage, Including Cranes, Derricks, Etc., and Rigging.


N/A

1910.261 – Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills WAC 296-79 – Safety standards for pulp, paper, and paperboard mills and converters.


N/A

1910.262 – Textiles WAC 296-301 – Safety standards for the textile industry.


N/A

1910.265 – Sawmills WAC 296-78 – Safety standards for sawmills and woodworking operations.


N/A

1910.268 – Telecommunications WAC 296-32 – Safety standards for telecommunications.


N/A

1910.269 – Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

WAC 296-45 – Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution.


N/A

chapter 296-24 wac and 296-876 1910.30 subpart d (walking

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