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GUIDELINES
Chapter 3-1. Appendix: Latest classification and nomenclaturefor anaerobes
� Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 2011
Bacterial taxonomists have been attempting to establish a
phylogeny which reflects the natural relationships among
bacteria. Already in the latter half of the previous century,
a classification reorganization was started, based on the
view that comparison of the primary structures of giant
molecules using molecular biology methods would eluci-
date the phylogenic development of bacteria. In 2005, the
second edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacte-
riology [1] was published. At present, Parts A and B of its
Volumes 1 and 2 are available. A taxonomic system, in
which the results of analysis using small subunits for a
molecular sequencing technique serve as markers of phy-
logenic development, is described.
According to the new taxonomic system, most of the
anaerobes discussed in the fields of medicine (particularly
those isolated from infected cases) belong to one of the
six phyla: (1) Bacteroidetes, (2) Fusobacteria, (3) Pro-
teobacteria, (4) Firmicutes, (5) Actinobacteria, and (6)
Spirochetes. Excerpts on the bacteria of each phylum will
be presented below. The classification shown here is
based on the latest information available as of January
2007.
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J Infect Chemother (2011) 17 (Suppl 1):140–158
DOI 10.1007/s10156-010-0161-6
. Open access under the Elsevier OA license.
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Reference
1. Bernner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, editors. Bergey’s manual of
systematic Bacteriology. 2nd ed, vol. 2, Part A. Berlin: Springer;
2005.
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