chapter 3
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 3. Causes of the Civil War. Differences Divide North and South. Economy Population Slavery. Read & do interactive workbook page 28. Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook- see example on next slide. South Farming- cotton , corn, cattle, pigs mostly small farms - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3.Chapter 3.
Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War
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Differences Divide North and SouthDifferences Divide North and South
EconomyEconomy
PopulationPopulation
SlaverySlavery
Students create 4 row/3 column chart in notebook-see example on next slide
Read & do interactive workbook page 28
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Economic DifferencesEconomic Differences
NorthNorth Factories for Factories for
manufacturing goods manufacturing goods (textiles, tools)(textiles, tools)
Less farmingLess farming
SouthSouth Farming-Farming-cottoncotton, ,
corn, cattle, pigscorn, cattle, pigs• mostly small farmsmostly small farms
large plantationslarge plantations
Students write on foldable
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The NorthThe North
Factories brought many people to the North in search of work.
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The SouthThe SouthFarming remained the main way to earn a livingFarming remained the main way to earn a living– Most were small one family farmsMost were small one family farms
Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for Cut lumber, raised cattle, and raised just enough food for their own familiestheir own families
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Cotton
Slaves had to work tediously with their hands to gather cotton.
This was a long process as the seeds had to be removed by hands, too.
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Slaves helping on cotton plantation
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Plantation LifePlantation Life
– Huge plantationsHuge plantationsNeeded a lot of workersNeeded a lot of workers
Used slave laborUsed slave labor
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Differences in PopulationDifferences in Population
NorthNorthMore people began More people began moving to cities to moving to cities to workwork
Immigration (People Immigration (People from other countries from other countries moved to the North)moved to the North)
Population grew Population grew rapidly to over 19 rapidly to over 19 million PEOPLE!!!million PEOPLE!!!
SouthSouthFewer peopleFewer people
Students write on foldable
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Differences with SlaveryDifferences with Slavery
NorthNorth No slaves in North No slaves in North
(except border states)(except border states) Against slavery in WestAgainst slavery in West
SouthSouth Allowed slavery Allowed slavery
(needed for (needed for plantations)plantations)
Wanted slavery to Wanted slavery to expand to Westexpand to West
Students write on foldableHomework-WB pg. 30*****
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““King Cotton”King Cotton”Cotton was hard to prepare for marketCotton was hard to prepare for market– The little seeds had to be separated from the The little seeds had to be separated from the
cotton.cotton.– This was very hard to do and took a LOT of This was very hard to do and took a LOT of
TIMETIME– Eli Whitney invented the Eli Whitney invented the cotton gincotton gin
Made cleaning cotton easierMade cleaning cotton easier
Farmers grew more cotton and made more Farmers grew more cotton and made more moneymoney
Needed more slaves to work the cotton Needed more slaves to work the cotton
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Text pg. 86
Add abolitionist to academic vocab
Abolitionist- someone who joined the movement to abolish, or end, slavery
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Make 1 flip book with the following 8 Make 1 flip book with the following 8 important peopleimportant people
Abraham LincolnAbraham LincolnHarriet TubmanHarriet TubmanGeneral Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Ulysses S. GrantGeneral Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. LeeJefferson DavisJefferson DavisClara BartonClara BartonFrederick DouglassFrederick DouglassChief Justice Roger TaneyChief Justice Roger Taney
As we complete our lessons, write in facts as we come to these people.
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Africans in Slavery and FreedomAfricans in Slavery and Freedom
Life Under SlaveryLife Under Slavery– Slave CodesSlave Codes
Laws for slavesLaws for slaves– Slaves could not leave owners’ landSlaves could not leave owners’ land– Could not buy or sell goodsCould not buy or sell goods– Not allowed to learn to read or writeNot allowed to learn to read or write– Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)Treated as property with very few privileges (Dred Scott)
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Coping with SlaveryCoping with Slavery
– SpiritualsSpiritualsFormed close knit groups to help each otherFormed close knit groups to help each other
Sang religious songs to give them strengthSang religious songs to give them strength
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OverseersOverseers
Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if Hired to watch the slaves work and punish them if they fell behind.they fell behind.
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The Slave EconomyThe Slave Economy
Many people began to turn against slaveryMany people began to turn against slavery
Cost of owning slaves was too high for Cost of owning slaves was too high for mostmost
Most slaves worked on large plantations.Most slaves worked on large plantations.
Very few white Southerners could afford to Very few white Southerners could afford to own slaves.own slaves.
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Running AwayRunning Away
Running AwayRunning Away– Many chose to run away Many chose to run away – Found safe places to hideFound safe places to hide
Indians protected someIndians protected someHid in forest, swamps, and mountainsHid in forest, swamps, and mountainsSome made it to the free North, some to Canada and others Some made it to the free North, some to Canada and others went south to Mexicowent south to MexicoMany were helped by the Many were helped by the Underground RailroadUnderground RailroadMany were caught and punished for trying to escape.Many were caught and punished for trying to escape.
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The Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad
– System of escape routes leading to freedomSystem of escape routes leading to freedom– Members were called conductorsMembers were called conductors– Hiding places were called stationsHiding places were called stations– Harriet Tubman was most famousHarriet Tubman was most famous
An escaped slaveAn escaped slave
Returned to the South over 20 times to help Returned to the South over 20 times to help othersothers
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Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman Helped slaves escape from the South Helped slaves escape from the South to the North using the Underground to the North using the Underground Railroad.Railroad.
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Frederick DouglassFrederick DouglassEscaped slave and editor of an Escaped slave and editor of an abolitionist newspaper, North Star.abolitionist newspaper, North Star.
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A Nation DividedA Nation Divided
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New CompromisesNew Compromises
Henry ClayHenry Clay– Worked hard to settle differences dividing the Worked hard to settle differences dividing the
nation.nation.– Congressman from KentuckyCongressman from Kentucky– Free state: didn’t want slavery.Free state: didn’t want slavery.– Slave state: wanted slaverySlave state: wanted slavery– Everything was EVEN until Missouri became Everything was EVEN until Missouri became
a state. a state.
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The Missouri CompromiseThe Missouri Compromise
Asked to join the U.S. as a slave stateAsked to join the U.S. as a slave state
This would make more slave states than This would make more slave states than free.free.
Missouri would join as a slave state AND Missouri would join as a slave state AND Maine would join as a free state.Maine would join as a free state.
Imaginary line would be drawn through the Imaginary line would be drawn through the rest of the Louisiana territoryrest of the Louisiana territory
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Solutions to the ProblemSolutions to the Problem
North of the line = Free StatesNorth of the line = Free States
South of the line = Slave statesSouth of the line = Slave states
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Results of the Missouri Results of the Missouri Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820
Kept the peace for nearly 30 yearsKept the peace for nearly 30 years
Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave Six new states joined the Union – 3 slave and 3 free….still equal in numberand 3 free….still equal in number
AND THEN along came…AND THEN along came…CaliforniaCalifornia
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The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay to the rescue AGAINHenry Clay to the rescue AGAIN
California = FreeCalifornia = Free
New Mexico and Utah territories= people New Mexico and Utah territories= people would decidewould decide
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Henry Clay, the Great Henry Clay, the Great CompromiserCompromiser
Died in 1852Died in 1852
Never gave up hope in finding peaceful Never gave up hope in finding peaceful solutions to problemssolutions to problems
On his grave marker it says,On his grave marker it says,– ““I know no North – no South – No East – No I know no North – no South – No East – No
West”West”
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Hopes for Peace FadeHopes for Peace Fade
Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act
Gave people living there the choice by Gave people living there the choice by voting voting
Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to Hundreds moved in to “vote” on whether to be a free or slave state.be a free or slave state.
Tempers FLARED and over 200 people Tempers FLARED and over 200 people were killed in the disputewere killed in the dispute
Nicknamed Nicknamed “ Bleeding Kansas”“ Bleeding Kansas”
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Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law
A new law that said:A new law that said:– Anyone caught helping slaves escape would Anyone caught helping slaves escape would
be punished.be punished.– If you found a runaway slave, you had to If you found a runaway slave, you had to
return them to their owner.return them to their owner.
Fugitive-a person who is running away.
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Free AfricansFree Africans
Not all Africans were slavesNot all Africans were slaves– Some were former slaves freed by their Some were former slaves freed by their
ownersowners– Others had bought their freedomOthers had bought their freedom– Some had escaped to freedomSome had escaped to freedom– Many lived in the cities where they had a Many lived in the cities where they had a
better chance to workbetter chance to work
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Life for Africans…Life for Africans…
Life for most Africans, free or not, was still Life for most Africans, free or not, was still hard because:hard because:– Unwelcome in many placesUnwelcome in many places– Often treated unfairlyOften treated unfairly– Had little freedomHad little freedom– Not allowed to vote or meet in groupsNot allowed to vote or meet in groups– Could not attend school or have certain jobsCould not attend school or have certain jobs
Whites Only
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HarrietBeecherStowe
1811 - 1896
HarrietBeecherStowe
1811 - 1896So this is the lady
who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.
2 million in a decade!
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Fighting BackFighting Back
Fighting BackFighting Back– Most resisted slavery ( act against)Most resisted slavery ( act against)– Quiet ways they resistedQuiet ways they resisted
Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let Broke tools, left gates open to let the farm animals out, let boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like boats drift away, hid stuff the owners needed and acted like they knew nothing about it at allthey knew nothing about it at all
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Dred Scott Case (1857)Dred Scott Case (1857)
Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, Supreme Court ruled that once a slave, living in a free state, didn’t change that.living in a free state, didn’t change that.
Said Scott had “none of the rights and Said Scott had “none of the rights and privileges” of American citizensprivileges” of American citizens
Also said Congress had no right to outlaw Also said Congress had no right to outlaw slavery because the Constitution protects slavery because the Constitution protects people’s right to own PROPERTY and people’s right to own PROPERTY and slaves were PROPERTY!!!slaves were PROPERTY!!!
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Chief Justice Roger Taney
Supreme Court Chief Justice in Dred Scott Case who ruled that slaves were property.
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Violent ResistanceViolent Resistance
– Violent ways to resistViolent ways to resistNat Turner’s RevoltNat Turner’s Revolt
– Led an attack killing 57 peopleLed an attack killing 57 people– He and others were caught, tried in court, and hangedHe and others were caught, tried in court, and hanged
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John Brown’s RebellionJohn Brown’s Rebellion
John Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s FerryJohn Brown’s rebellion at Harper’s Ferry– A white abolitionistA white abolitionist– Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to Stole guns from Harper’s Ferry warehouse to give to
slavesslaves– Caught, tried, and hangedCaught, tried, and hanged
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Slavery IssueSlavery Issue
SlaverySlavery– Chief Justice Roger TaneyChief Justice Roger Taney said that slaves said that slaves
were property in the Dred Scott case.were property in the Dred Scott case.– Settlers from the South who moved west took Settlers from the South who moved west took
their slavestheir slaves– Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and Settlers from the North didn’t own slaves and
thought slavery was wrong.thought slavery was wrong.– WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in WHO would WIN Would there be slavery in
the new territories or NOT???the new territories or NOT???
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WB pg. 37
Missouri Compromise-Missouri made a slave state & Maine made a free state; line drawn across country (N-free) (S-slave)
Compromise of 1850-CA=free state popular sovereignty; people voted slavery or not
Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas and Nebraska voted slavery or not
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Pg. 37 cont.
3 events that increased tension..– Bleeding Kansas– Dred Scott Case– Fugitive Slave Law– John Brown’s Raid– Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote “Uncle Tom’s
Cabin”
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Text pages 102-107
Tab book –add VIP (see following slides)
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Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the USA; He thought slavery was morally and socially wrong
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Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States of America (South) during Civil War
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WB pg. 40
Across1-Confederacy2-secession3-Lincoln4-slaveryDown1-Civil War5-Davis
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6.
Kentucky
Illinois
Lawyer
Republican
Congress
abolition
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7.
Confederate
Fort Sumter
Supplies
Civil War
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Abraham Lincoln works for ChangeAbraham Lincoln works for Change
Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act Violence because of the Kansas-Nebraska act got everyone’s attentiongot everyone’s attentionAbraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of Abraham Lincoln was against the SPREAD of slaveryslaveryRepublican Party formed to fight the spread of Republican Party formed to fight the spread of slavery.slavery.Lincoln ran for Senator Lincoln ran for Senator Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Stephen A. Douglas, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle Nebraska Act, was his OPPONENT! The battle is ON………is ON………
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The Lincoln-Douglas DebatesThe Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln
Tall, thin man from Tall, thin man from the frontierthe frontier
Wore plain dark Wore plain dark clothesclothes
Not well-knownNot well-known
Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas
Heavy and a foot Heavy and a foot shorter than Lincolnshorter than Lincoln
Well educated Well educated
Wore fine clothesWore fine clothes
SenatorSenator
Well-knownWell-known
Both were powerful public speakers
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DouglasDouglas
Each new state should decide the slavery Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself.question for itself.
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LincolnLincoln
““The framers of the Constitution intended The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.”slavery to end.”
The problem is that slavery is WRONG!The problem is that slavery is WRONG!
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Senate WinnerSenate Winner
Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.Senate.
But….now everyone knew who Abraham But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!Lincoln was!!!
Douglas Wins!
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The Election of 1860The Election of 1860
Democratic Party candidate: DouglasDemocratic Party candidate: Douglas
Democratic Party south: BreckinridgeDemocratic Party south: Breckinridge
Republican Party: LINCOLNRepublican Party: LINCOLN
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Stephen A. DouglasStephen A. Douglas
West should decide for themselves about West should decide for themselves about slavery.slavery.
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John BreckinridgeJohn Breckinridge
Democratic candidate popular with Democratic candidate popular with southernerssoutherners
Government should allow slavery Government should allow slavery everywhere in the West.everywhere in the West.
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Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln
Republican candidateRepublican candidate
Against the SPREAD of slaveryAgainst the SPREAD of slavery
Promised not to stop slavery in the South Promised not to stop slavery in the South where it was already practiced.where it was already practiced.
Said he hoped it would one day END Said he hoped it would one day END there, too.there, too.
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Worried White SouthernersWorried White Southerners
Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln Many in the South were afraid if Lincoln were elected, slavery would be outlawed.were elected, slavery would be outlawed.
Some even said they would LEAVE the Some even said they would LEAVE the Union if Lincoln was elected.Union if Lincoln was elected.
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Lincoln Elected PresidentLincoln Elected President
November 6, 1860November 6, 1860December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders December 20, 1860 South Carolina’s leaders seceded from the Union.seceded from the Union.Later SIX other southern states seceded:Later SIX other southern states seceded:– MississippiMississippi– FloridaFlorida– AlabamaAlabama– GeorgiaGeorgia– LouisianaLouisiana– TexasTexas
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The Confederate States of AmericaThe Confederate States of America
South CarolinaSouth Carolina
MississippiMississippi
FFloridalorida
LLouisianaouisiana
AAlabamalabama
GGeorgiaeorgia
TexasTexas
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Fort SumterFort Sumter
Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go”go”
Others said, “Give in on the slavery Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.”question.”
Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”their revolt!”
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Lincoln’s ChoicesLincoln’s Choices
He wanted to prevent war.He wanted to prevent war.
““We are not enemies, but friends.”We are not enemies, but friends.”
THE VERY NEXT DAYTHE VERY NEXT DAY
An important message came from An important message came from Major Robert Anderson Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:commander at Fort Sumter:
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Urgent!Urgent!
Message from Commander AndersonMessage from Commander Anderson
Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.
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What to Do???What to Do???
If I send supplies…Southerners might If I send supplies…Southerners might attack.attack.
If I send troops….Southerners WILL If I send troops….Southerners WILL attack.attack.
If I do nothing…the commander will have If I do nothing…the commander will have to surrender.to surrender.
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DecisionDecision
Lincoln decided to send supply ships Lincoln decided to send supply ships
And see what the Southerners would doAnd see what the Southerners would do
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Confederate President DavisConfederate President Davis
Davis decided to take over the fort Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived.BEFORE the supply ships arrived.
Demanded them to surrender.Demanded them to surrender.
NEVER!NEVER!
The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his men ran out of Major Anderson and his men ran out of ammunition and had to give up.ammunition and had to give up.
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The Civil War has Begun!The Civil War has Begun!
Lincoln called for Americans to join the Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion.army to stop the rebellion.Frightened southern states not in the Frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with the other 7 Confederacy now joined with the other 7 states.states.Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina Carolina
1111 States Strong States Strong
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Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil WarNorth and South DisagreeNorth and South Disagree
States’ Rights-Tariffs (Taxes) States’ Rights-Tariffs (Taxes)
Conflicts over SlaveryConflicts over Slavery
Abraham Lincoln elected 16Abraham Lincoln elected 16thth President President
Add into notes in journal
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Cause-EffectCause-Effect
Lincoln elected President-Nov. 6, 1860Lincoln elected President-Nov. 6, 1860
South Carolina left Union-Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina left Union-Dec. 20, 1860
Confederates attack Fort Sumter on April Confederates attack Fort Sumter on April 12,1861.12,1861.
Add to Notes in journal
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THE AMERICAN CIVIL WARTHE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
1861-1865