Chapter 3

Colonies Take Root

Section 1: I Can Statement

I can understand how the English set up their first

colonies.

Section 1: Bullet Points

• Bullet Point #1: The English colony at Jamestown is founded in 1607.

• Bullet Point #2: English Pilgrims seeking religious freedom settled the Plymouth Colony.

England Seeks Colonies

• England began to establish colonies in North America in the 1500s

• Reasons for colonies:– New trade markets– Raw materials

• First colony established in North Carolina; Roanoke Island

Founding Jamestown

• 1607 Virginia Company of London establishes a colony

• Wanted to find gold and silver, or to trade with Indians for furs

• King granted a charter• Charter: a document issued by a government

that grants specific rights to a person or company

• Virginia colony named Jamestown• Rough first year, many died• Problems:– Warm weather– Lazy colonists– Spent too much time looking for gold

• John Smith: sent from London to lead Jamestown

• Wrote new rules• #1 rule: “he who works not, eats not”• Hundreds of new colonists arrive• Women come to Jamestown• John Smith and men attack Indians to get food• John Smith goes back to England• Jamestown has a “starving time”, lack of food

Jamestown Prospers

• Virginia Company keeps sending new colonists• Virginia Company offers free land• New leaders sent to restore order in the

colony• Found a new money maker: Tobacco

House of Burgesses

• Representative government: the form of government in which voters elect people to make laws for them

• House of Burgesses= lawmaking body, that could pass and set laws and shared power with Virginia’s governor

The Plymouth Colony

• Separatists: English who wanted to separate from the Church of England, wanted religious freedom

• Moved to the Netherlands and didn’t like it, wanted to go to Virginia

• Pilgrim: person who takes a religious journey

Mayflower Compact

• Mayflower, Pilgrims ship• Never reached Virginia• Landed in Massachusetts• Named colony Plymouth• Mayflower compact: first document in which

colonists claimed a right to govern themselves

First Thanksgiving

• Rough winter for the pilgrims• Not enough food, people dying due to disease

and hunger• Got help from the Native Americans• Squanto: Indian who brought the pilgrims

seeds of corn, beans and pumpkins and showed them how to plant them

Section 2: I Can Statement

I can understand how the religious beliefs and dissent influenced the

New England Colonies.

Section 2: Bullet Points

• Bullet #1: Puritans seeking religious freedom settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

• Bullet #2: People unhappy with the Puritans’ religious intolerance founded Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

Geography of New England

• Made up of hills and low mountains• Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island,

New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine• Farming is difficult• Winters: long and snowy• Summers: short and warm• Weather helps people live longer

Puritans in Massachusetts Bay

• Puritans: group that wanted reform of the Church of England

• King Charles I didn’t treat the Puritans nicely• Puritans formed Massachusetts Bay Colony• John Winthrop: leader of the Puritans who

was a respected landowner and lawyer

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Boston: main city in the colony• Had an elected assembly, had to be a male

and part of the Puritan church to vote• Didn’t believe in religious toleration

(recognition that other people have the right to other opinions)

New Colonies

• Rodger Williams: minister of a church in Salem who believed the Puritans should split from the Church of England

• Rhode Island founded by Williams, colony had no official religion

Settling Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker: minister who settled Connecticut

• John Wheelright: forced to Massachusetts, settled New Hampshire

Growth and Change

• Town Meeting: an assembly of townspeople that decides local issues

• Only men could be a part of town meetings• Gave people a place to speak their minds• Encouraged democratic ideas

King Philip’s War

• Indian population decreasing• Metacom: chief of the Wampanog, also know

as King Philip, goal was to stop Puritan expansion

• Uprising lasted a year, ended when Metacom was captured and killed

• English colonies expanded after the war

Section 3: I Can Statement

I can understand how the diverse Middle Colonies developed and

thrived.

Section 3: Bullet Points

• Bullet #1: After the English takeover, New Netherlands was renamed New York.

• Bullet #2: Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 by a Quaker, William Penn.

Geography of the Middle Colonies

• New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware

• Climate was warm• Easier time farming, due to longer growing

season

New York and New Jersey

• New York, began as Dutch colony

• Known for fur trade• Taken over by the

English

• New Jersey• Split off from New York• Proprietary

colony(colony created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family)

• Royal colony(colony controlled directly by the English King)

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• Quaker: religious group that believed that everyone had an inner light to God and that all people were equal in God’s eyes

• William Penn: Quaker who settled Pennsylvania, provided religious freedom

• Delaware: Swedish colony, then taken over by Dutch, then taken over by English, was part of Pennsylvania, then became its own colony

Growth and Change

• Farming increase• Manufacturing started

The Backcountry

• Backcountry: frontier region extending through several colonies from Pennsylvania to Georgia

• Inhabited by Scot-Irish and Germans

Section 4: I Can Statement

I can understand the factors that influenced the development of the

Southern colonies.

Section 4: Bullet Points

• Bullet Point #1: Maryland was founded as a colony where Catholics could worship freely.

• Bullet Point #2: Large plantations marked the Tidewater region, and small farms dominated the backcountry.

Geography of the Southern Colonies

• Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

• Weather is warm and humid• Full of swampy areas and rolling hills• Long growing season• Main crops: tobacco and rice, spurred early

development of slavery

Virginia Grows

• Settlers keep coming despite high death rate• Population grows, Indian numbers decrease• More land taken over to farm on• Problems with Indians

Bacon’s Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon: leader of the frontier settlers

• Poor colonists wanted governor to take action against Indians

• Governor hesitates, doesn’t want war• Bacon and his men attack and kill Indians,

and attack Jamestown

Religious Toleration in Maryland

• Catholic colony formed, Maryland• Catholics and Protestants both lived here• Lord Baltimore: Cecil Calvert, took over

Maryland when his dad died• Act of Toleration: gave all male Christians the

right to vote and hold office

Colonies in the Carolinas

• North Carolina- developed slowly, grew tobacco and produced lumber

• South Carolina, developed quickly, grew sugar and rice

Georgia

• Georgia started for 2 reasons:– Keep Spanish from expanding their colony– Wanted a colony where there would be

protection for English debtors(people who owe money)

• Slavery banned

Change in the Southern Colonies

• Two Distinct ways of life:• Tidewater Region:– Plantation: Large farm, grows cotton, sugar & rice– Divided white community

• Backcountry:– Isolated farms– Poor and didn’t care about rank

Section 5: I Can Statement

I can understand how the Spanish established colonies on the

borderlands.

Section 5: Bullet Points

• Bullet Point #1: Spain had large colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, and South America.

• Bullet Point #2: Spanish missions sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

• Bullet Point #3: Spain established presidios and pueblos throughout the borderlands.

Spanish Florida

• St. Augustine: fort and first permanent European settlement in the US

• Offered land to African Americans• Colony grew slowly• Had little control over the whole of Florida

Settling the Spanish Borderlands

• Borderlands: lands along a frontier, main job was to protect Mexico

• Began in Florida and included Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California

Missions

• Texas and Arizona:• Missions formed• Wanted Indians to be

Christians

• California:• Junipero Serra:

missionary who helped colonize California

• Presidios: military posts• Pueblos: civilian towns, centers of farming and

trade

Life in Spanish Missions

• Indians farmed, built churches and learned a wide range of crafts

• Worked 5-8 hours a day, 5-6 days a week• Indians had no control over their lives• Punished if they didn’t follow rules