Chapter 3Canada’s People

3.0-Human Geography

Socials Studies

3.1 Rural and Urban CommunitiesCreate a t-chart on what you already know

about Rural and Urban Communities. In your chart you should think of an example, and the characteristics of that example.

Urban Rural

RuralAreas that are often agricultural and located

outside towns and cities.What are some local and national examples?

UrbanTowns and cities with a population with

1000 or more. Or, with a population density of at least 400 people per square km.

What are some local and national examples?

Population DistributionPopulation distribution is how we describe

where people choose to live in a country.

Archipelago EffectThis is simply an analogy (comparison) of

how the population of Canada is pockets of settlements, that looks like a group of islands (a group of islands is called an archipelago).

See figure 3.1, page 42-43

Population DensityA measure of how closely people live

together in a given country OR area.Example:

The houses in downtown St. John’s are very close together.

The houses on Marine Drive are farther apart.

See figure 3.3 on page 44.

How to calculate Population DensityPopulation of an area= ASize of an area in square kilometers=B

A/B=population density= ppl/km2

Example: YOU CALCULATE!!!Population of Town is 10 000Size of area in square kilometers is 2000

square kilometers

Name it-Urban or RuralPopulation Area Population Density

10 000 34.87 km2 _______________

Urban or Rural?

2,503,281 630.2 km2 _______________

Urban or Rural?

3,325  17.6 km² _______________

Urban or Rural?

Create the chart in your notebooksProvinces Area Population Population

Density

NL

PEI

NS

NB

QUE

ONT

ETC (fill in remainder of the provinces yourself)

Provinces Area (km2) Population Population Density

NL 405 212 510 600 1.26 ppl/km2

PEI 5 660 145 900 25.7 ppl/km2

NS 5 284 945 400 17.1 ppl/km2

NB 72 908 755 500 10.3 ppl/km2

QUE 1 542 056 7 905 700 5.1 ppl/km2

ONT 1 076 395 13 373 000 12.4 ppl/km2

AB 661 848 3 779 400 5.7 ppl/km2

MB 647 797 1 234 500 1.9 ppl/km2

SK 651 036 1 057 900 1.6 ppl/km2

BC 944 735 4 573 300 4.8 ppl/km2

Questions1. Where is Canada most thinly populated?2. Which area is most densely populated?3. Name two other highly populated areas. How

do these highly populated areas relate to the location of Canada’s main urban centers?

4. How accurate is it to say that Canada’s population is mainly concentrated along the US/Canada border (islands of population-Archipelago)

5. Why can’t you only examine population density when studying population distribution (see Canada vs Netherlands example on page 44)

Settlement PatternsThe people who lived in Canada prior to

European settlement were the Aboriginal or Indigenous groups.

Europeans were attached to the areas that were inhabited by the aboriginal group because of the site (physical) and situation (site’s relationship to other places) factors.

Aboriginal/Indigenous PopulationsInuit-Live in Arctic Canada (Nunavut, NWT,

Lab, Que). Inuktitut is the language of the Inuit.

Metis-are of First Nations and European ancestory. Live primarily on the Prairies, and in Ontario and the NWT.

First Nations-use this term when referring to more than one group of indigenous people.

3.2 Make a value Judgement!Overtime there has been a decline in

traditional activities of Aboriginal peoples. In your opinion, who should take responsibility for these changes?

3.2 Account for the growth and decline of settlements

Site Factors: Features of the physical landscape that attract people.What are some physical features that attracted people

to Halifax?

• Military outpost (easy to protect)

• Ice-free port

• Protected harbour

• Railway hub (late 1800s)

3.2 Account for the growth and decline of settlementsSituational Factors

A sites relationship to other places. Things about the area attract people to the spot.

(Like Halifax)• Railway hub in the 1800’s

• Shipping centre for goods (coming in from Europe and going out from Canada)

• Regional Centre of Gov’t and services

• all these required workers, who moved to the area for jobs

• lots of workers encouraged manufacturing jobs in area (this declined as manufacturing could be done elsewhere for cheaper)

3.2 Classification of Communities

A look at communities that reflect growth or decline over the years, such as through services:Villages/small towns

Small storesLimited products or competition (ie. Only 1 gas station in

town)Small doctor’s officeSmall schools, or go to larger towns for high schoolMust travel for larger stores, shopping, etc.

CitiesHospitals, universities, large banks, government officesSpecialized services for large populations (ie. ENT doctors,

etc.)Specialty stores

Some services may spread outside a city, expanding to reach other local areas and increase their size.

Growth and DeclineSettlement sGROW because:

Settlements DECLINE because:

Changes in service• building of hospitals / schools / fire dept. / government services

Rural to Urban drift• move from rural towns to larger centers • move from agriculture to urban (technology / resource depletion / etc)

Transportation• new bridge / road / highway in area

Economic downturn• loss of jobs locally

Climate• better weather patterns• local weather (ie. Less snow)

Lack of services• lack of services / quality of services• change in needs (older people need more health care vs education)

Economics• new industries / manufacturing / construction resulting in more jobs

3.4 Regional IdentitiesMany regional identities are associated

with local industries. What industries and identities are depicted below?

Regional Identities and Stereotypes

You are a Newfoundlander. Therefore you must...

Jig for cod? Dance the jig? Eat fish and brewis or flipper pie? Row a dory? Drink Screech? Live in a saltbox? Go mummering at Christmas? Play the fiddle or button accordion?

A stereotype is an oversimplified view of the characteristics held by members of a certain group or place. Sometimes stereotypes are negative (as portrayed in “stupid Newfie” jokes) and can lead to a prejudiced view of a group.

Three Jolly Fishermen

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2011/10/14/nl-fishermen-postcard-114.html (see video)

Newfoundland StereotypesWhat stereotype of Newfoundlanders does the following video show?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3m-y-qAbpL0

Newfoundland StereotypesLook at the following poster.

http://www.heritage.nf.ca/nlsociety/chapter1topic1_8.pdf

Do you think the pictures shown are good representatives of our provincial identity or do they portray some stereotypes?

Sense of PlaceIf you had to shoot three photographs that

were representative of Newfoundland and Labrador, what would you feature?

Read the text and look at the pictures on page 58 and 59 of your textbook.

What oversimplifications about Newfoundland and Labrador might someone make who lives outside our province and who has limited knowledge of our province?