chapter 3 intensity transformations & spatial filtering...
TRANSCRIPT
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Image Processing
• Image Processing
– Spatial Domain( میدان مکان–دستکاری بیتها به طور مستقیم )
– Transform Domain( تبدیل تصویر و انتقال آن به یک فضای (دیگر و انجام تغییرات در آن فضا و بازگشت از آن
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
تبدیل یک نقطه بدون در نظر گرفتن همسایه ها و با در نظر گرفتن همسایه ها
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Contrast Stretching, Thresholding
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
تبدیالت شدت نور پایه
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
1-Image Negatives
s = L-1- r
دامنه تغییرات یک پیکسل
[0 L-1]
مقدار جدید شدت پیکسل شدت پیکسل
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
2-Log Transformations
s=c log(1+r)
گسترش سیاهی در دامنه وسیع تر
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مشابه لگاریتمبا انواع مختلف گاما نگاشت های
مختلفی می توان تولید کرد
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
CRTتصحیح گاما در مانیتورهای
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Contrast stretching کشش تمایز
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions
Intensity Level Slicing (تکه برداری در سطح شدت نور)
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
ادامه
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Bit-Plane Slicing تکه برداری بیت صفحه ای
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Bit-Plane Slicing
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Histogram Processing
سطح خاکستری تصویر از هایی پیکسل تعداد
دارند را سطح این که
ℎ 𝑟𝑘 = 𝑛𝑘
Normalized Histogram
تصویر عرض و طول
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Histogram Equalization=Histogram Linearization
بهتری دارد(کنتراست)تصویر با هیستوگرام یکنواخت تمایز
اعمال تبدیلs=T(r)
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
(بافت نگار)گام های تعدیل هیستوگرام
محاسبه هیستوگرام
نرمال سازی
هیستوگرام
یافتن تبدیل زیر
𝑠𝑘 = 𝑇 𝑟𝑘
= 𝐿 − 1 𝑛𝑗
𝑀𝑁
𝑘
𝑗=0
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال-تعدیل هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال-تعدیل هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
تعدیل هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
تعدیل هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Histogram Matching (Specification)
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Histogram Matching (Specification)
تبدیل هیستوگرام تصویر ورودی به یک هیستوگرام دلخواه
𝑝(𝑟) → 𝑝(𝑧)
𝑠 = 𝑇 𝑟𝑠 = 𝐺(𝑧)
→ 𝑧 = 𝐺−1(𝑇(𝑟))
تصویر با هیستوگرام یکنواخت
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال -انطباق هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال -انطباق هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال -انطباق هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال -انطباق هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
مثال -انطباق هیستوگرام
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Local Histogram Processing
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Local Histogram Processing
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Fundamentals of Spatial Filtering اصول فیلترهای مکانی
خطیفیلترهای مکانی -ا غیرخطیمکانی فیلترهای -2
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Spatial Filtering
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑤 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑠, 𝑦 + 𝑡)
𝑏
𝑡=−𝑏
𝑎
𝑠=−𝑎
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Correlation
and
Convolution
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Correlation and
Convolution
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Correlation and Convolution Correlation of filter w with image m:
= 𝑤 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑠, 𝑦 + 𝑡
𝑏
𝑡=−𝑏
𝑎
𝑠=−𝑎
Convolution of filter w with image m:
= 𝑤 𝑠, 𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑠, 𝑦 − 𝑡
𝑏
𝑡=−𝑏
𝑎
𝑠=−𝑎
مورد استفاده در این فصل
پایه تبدیالت فوریه
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Smoothing Spatial Filters
Averaging Filters فیلترهای مکانی آرام کننده یا میانگین گیر
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
خواص فیلتر میانگین گیر
حذف نویز•
تار نمودن تصویر و هموار نمودن لبه ها•
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
اعمال فیلتر میانگین گیربا اندازه های مختلف
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
فیلتر میانگین گیر
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Order-statistic (Nonlinear) Smoothing Filters
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Median Filter فیلتر میانه
عناصر داخل پنجره مرتب می شوند و عنصر میانی به عنوان مقدار • پیکسل در نظر گرفته می شود
غیرخطی• حذف نویز بدون تارشدگی • مقاوم در برابر نویز فلفل نمکی••Salt-and-pepper niose
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Sharpening Spatial Filters مشتق بهترین راه برای نمایش تیزی است
𝜕𝑓
𝜕𝑥= 𝑓 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝜕2𝑓
𝜕𝑥2= 𝑓 𝑥 + 1 − 2𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
The Second Derivative for Image Sharpening-
Laplacian
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 + 𝑐[𝛻2𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)]
الپالسین
تصویر اصلی
تصویر اصلی با لبه های تقویت شده
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Highboost filtering فیلتر کردن تقویت باال
نوعی روش تیزکردن که تا مدتها در چاپگرها مورد استفاده بوده • .است
:مراحل• از تصویر اصلیتار ایجاد تصویر – تفریق تصویر تار شده از تصویر اصلی و تولید ماسک– اضافه نمودن ماسک به تصویر اصلی–
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Highboost Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Highboost Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
First Order Derivatives for
Image Sharpening-The Gradient
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
The Gradient (Sobel)
𝑔𝑦 𝑔𝑥
∇𝑓 = 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓 =𝑔𝑥𝑔𝑦
𝑀 𝑓 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔 𝑓 = 𝑔𝑥2 + 𝑔𝑦
2
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering
Combining Spatial
Enhancement Methods
Digital Image Processing, 3rd ed.
www.ImageProcessingPlace.com
© 1992–2008 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
Gonzalez & Woods
Chapter 3 Intensity Transformations & Spatial Filtering