Chapter 3 Lesson 1

Collapse of Rome

Why Rome Collapsed

Political Confusion Economic weaknesses

Invasions

Weak government 22 emperors in 50 years

Soldiers attacked farms Germanic tribes

Civil war Less money and higher food prices

Persian tribes

High taxes Inflation No loyalty - $

Lost of values – honor, honesty, courage

Loss of jobs

Lack of education Barter system – traded for items not money

Bribes

CAUSE/EFFECT

1. PEOPLE HAD LESS MONEY

2. ROMAN SOLDIERS AND FOREIGN INVADERS DISRUPTED TRADE

3. FARMERS AND MERCHANTS RAISED PRICES TO MAKE PROFITS

4. THE GOVERNMENT PRODUCED COINS WITH LESS GOLD AND SILVER IN THEM

5. THE VALUE OF ROMAN COINS DECREASED

6. MERCHANTS SAW PROFITS DECLINE

A. THERE WAS A STEEP RISE IN PRICES AND A DECLINE IN THE VALUE OF MONEY

B. THE NEW COINS HAD A REDUCED VALUE

C. THERE WERE FOOD SHORTAGES AND SOARING PRICES

D. PEOPLE BEGAN TO BARTER INSTEAD OF USING MONEY

E. MERCHANTS WENT OUT OF BUSINESS

F. PEOPLE BOUGHT FEWER GOODS

DIOCLETAN

REFORMS 1. BUILD FORTS ALONG

FRONTIER

2. DIVIDE THE EMPIRE INTO 4 PARTS

3. SET MAXIMUM PRICES FOR WAGES AND GOODS

4. ORDERED WORKERS TO REMAIN IN JOBS

5. HELD LOCAL OFFICIALS RESPONSIBLE FOR TAXES

PROBLEMS1. POLITICAL CONFUSION

2. ECONOMIC WEAKNESSES

3. ARMY TOO STRONG

SUCCESS OR NOT OVERALL NO BECAUSE HE WAS A WEAK LEAADER AND PEOPLE IGNORED REFORMS: HOWEVER,

1. FORTS – SUCCESS – BECAUSE

2. DIVIDE EMPIRE – SUCCESS – BECAUSE

3. SET WAGES – SUCCESS – BECAUSE

4. WORKERS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE

5. LOCAL OFFICIALS – NOT SUCCESS – BECAUSE

Constantine1. Tried to reinforce reforms of

Diocletan

2. Wanted a stable workforce and military

3. People did the same job as their fathers

4. Moved the capital from Rome to present day Turkey the Greek city of Byzantium

5. New capital name: CONSTANTINOPLE

6. THEODOSIS took over after Constantine died and broke the empire into 2 parts: Eastern and Western

GERMANIC INVADERS

HUNS GROUP OF WARRIERS FROM MONGOLIA

FEARED BY MANY

ENTERED EASTERN EUROPE IN 300S

FORCED PEOPLE TO LOOK FOR BETTER FARMLAND AND MORE LIVESTOCK

VISIGOTHSASKED TO SETTLE IN ROME FOR PROTECTION FROM HUNS

PROMISED TO BE LOYAL

TREATED BADLY BY ROMANS

CHARGED HIGH PRICES AND ENSLAVED

REBELED AND DEFEATED THE ROMANS AT ADRIANOPLE

ALSO CAPTURED ROME AND LOOTED THE CITY (LEADER ALARIC)

VANDALS ATTACKED SPAIN AND NORTHERN AFRICA

ATTACKED ITALY AND ENTERED ROME IN AD 455

SPENT 2 WEEKS TAKING THE VALUABLES AND BELONGINGS OF THE ROMANS

DESTROYED PROPERTY

IMPACT OF GERMANIC INVADERS

BY AD 400S THE GERMANIC INVADERS WERE PART OF ROMAN LEADERSHIP

GERMANIC GENERAL NAMED ODACER OVERTHREW 14 YEAR OLD ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS

HE RULED FOR 15 YEARS AND WAS KILLED BY THE VISGOTHS

WESTERN EMPIRE CEASED TO EXIST

Roman empire splits

Eastern empire Constantinople is capital

It thrives and prospers

It becomes the Byzantine Empire

Last almost 1,000 years

Western empire Numerous attacks

Rome falls in ad 476

It is divided into Germanic kingdoms

ROME’S LEGACIES

LAW AND GOVERNMENT – EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW; INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY; FAIR JUDGES; PEOPLE VOTE

CULTURAL IMPACT – LATIN ALPHABET; LATIN LANGUAGES SUCH AS FRENCH, SPANISH, AND ITALIAN; LATIN ROOTS AND PHRASES; ROMAN WRITEERS LIKE HORACE AND TACTITUS; ARCHITECTURE LIKE THE COLOSEUM

CHRISITAINITY – ADOPTED BY ROMANS IN AD 300S BY EMPERORS; GREW AND SPREAD ALL OVER THE WORLD; ONE OF THE 5 MAJOR RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD TODAY

BYZANTINE EMPIRE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

CAPITAL CITY – CONSTANTINOPLE

MULTICULTURAL - ROMANS, GREEKS, SLAVS, EGYPTIANS

VERY ADVANCED

GOOD TRADE PORT (PENINSULA)- FISHING, TRADE, AND WARSHIPS

PROTECTION FROM THE SEA ON 3 SIDES

BECAME KNOWN AS THE “NEW ROME”

HIPPODROME – CHARIOT RACES

HAD TO SPEAK LATIN AND FOLLOW ROMAN LAWS – GAVE BREAD TO THE POOR

LATER GREEKS BEGAN TO INFLUENCE THE REGION - SPEECH AND WRITING

JUSTINIAN VS. THEODORA

JUSTINIAN RULED FROM 527 – 565 AD.

HAD LEGAL SCHOLARS HEADED BY TRIBONIAN TO CREATE A SIMPLER CODE OF LAWS

HAD A LOT OF ARCHITECTURE DONE ESPECIALLY CHURCHES - ONE CHURCH WAS CALLED HAGIA SOPHIA – “Holy wisdom” - marble and silver – Many mosaics and saints in church

HE VALUED EDUCATION AND BOYS STUDIED RELIGION, MEDICINE, LAW, ETC.

HE WANTED TO RESTORE ROMAN EMPIRE – HE USED CALVARY (SOLDIERS ON HORSES) WITH BOWS AND LANCES (LONG SPEARS)

HIS ARMY WON MANY TERRORITIES INCLUDING ITALY AND NORTHERN AFRICA UNTIL A DISEASE KNOWN AS JUSTINIAN’S PLAGUE KILLED MANY

LOST MANY LANDS AFTER HIS DEATH

THEODORA JUSTINIAN’S WIFE

BEAUTIFUL, AMBITIOUS, AND INTELLIGENT

HELPED TO CHOOSE THE LEADERS

GAVE RIGHTS TO WOMEN SUCH AS OWNING LAND

GAVE HER HUSBAND STRENGTH POLITICALLY